Abstract
This chapter intends to study reference models for the development of knowledge organization systems (KOS) to evaluate their effectiveness and their modeling capacity through a comparison of requirements. The tools for the development of technological knowledge management systems that will be compared are Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS), Modular Requirements for Records Systems (MoReq), and The Digital Library Reference Model. Through a comparative analysis of these instruments, it is proposed to evaluate and compare their main requirements. The planning of technological systems based on these standards/requirements brings guarantees of a correct use of classifications, thesauri, ontologies, among other types of KOS. They also promote their configuration in technological systems and regarding the business processes in which these technological systems are used.
TopIntroduction
This chapter intends to study reference models for the development of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) to evaluate their effectiveness and their modeling capacity through a comparison of requirements. KOS is “functional items designed for organizing knowledge and information, and making their management and retrieval easier” (Mazzocchi, 2018), “intended to encompass all types of schemes for organizing information and promoting knowledge management” (Hodge, 2000). In a clear synthesis, the «knowledge organization system is a scheme that models a structure (i.e.; elements and mutual relationships) of an organized set of knowledge» (Bratková & Kucerová, 2014, p. 8). The tools for the development of technological knowledge management systems that will be compared are: 'Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System' (OAIS) (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2012), 'Modular Requirements for Records Systems' (MoReq) (DLM Forum, 2011) and 'The Digital Library Reference Model' (Candela et al., 2011b).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Record: Information created, received, and maintained as evidence, and information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligations or the transaction of business ( International Organization for Standardization, 2016 , p. 2).
Records System: An information system that captures, manages, and provides access to records through time ( International Organization for Standardization, 2016 , p. 3).
Representation Information: Information object that maps a data object into more meaningful concepts, allowing the interpretation/understanding of the data to obtain the information ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2012 , p. 1-14).
Open Archival Information System: An archive, consisting of an organization, which may be part of a larger organization, of people and systems that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available for a designated community ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2012 , p. 1-13).
Succession Plan: The plan of how and when the management, ownership, and/or control of the KOS holdings will be transferred to a subsequent KOS to ensure the continued effective preservation of those holdings ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2012 , p. 1-15, adapted).
Policy: Written statement, authorized by the KOS management, that describes the approach to be taken by the KOS for the management of information/knowledge. An example is the Preservation policy that describes the approach to be taken by the KOS for the preservation of objects accessioned into the KOS ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2011 , p. 1-4, adapted).
Designated Community: An identified group of potential Consumers who should be able to understand a particular set of information. The Designated Community may be composed of multiple user communities. A Designated Community is defined by the KOS and this definition may change over time ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2012 , p. 1-11, adapted).
Procedure: A written statement that specifies actions required to complete a service or to achieve a specific state or condition. Procedures specify how various aspects of the relevant Implementation Plans are to be fulfilled ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2011 , p. 1-5).
Digital Library: A potentially virtual organization, that comprehensively collects, manages, and preserves for the long depth of time-rich digital content, and offers to its target user communities specialized functionality on that content, of defined quality and according to comprehensive codified policies ( Candela et al., 2011b , p. 17).
Information: Any type of knowledge that can be exchanged. In exchange, it is represented by data. An example is a string of bits (the data) accompanied by a description of how to interpret the string of bits as numbers representing temperature observations measured in degrees Celsius (the Representation Information) ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2012 , p. 1-12).
Data: A reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing. Examples of data include a sequence of bits, a table of numbers, the characters on a page, the recording of sounds made by a person speaking, or a moon rock specimen ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2012 , p. 1-10).
Strategic Plan: A written statement, authorized by the management of the KOS, that states the goals and objectives for achieving that part of the mission of the KOS. It may include long-term and short-term plans ( Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, 2011 , p. 1-5, adapted).