Abstract
Electrical energy in the thermal processes of agricultural production has a number of technical and technological advantages in comparison with other energy carriers. At the same time, electricity is the most high-quality but expensive type of energy. The effective use of electrical energy in thermal processes is possible with the implementation of all its advantages over fuel energy. This requires a system of technical, economic, and energy analysis and the selection justification of the most effective systems and technical means of heat supply of stationary agricultural technological processes. The chapter presents functional and technological schemes, physical models, the experimentally obtained dependencies, parameters, and operating regimes of the developed energy-saving electrical equipment and systems for the main thermal technological processes.
TopBackground
Many scientists have devoted their scientific works to separate issues of electric heat supply of agricultural facilities. The economic efficiency of the use of electrical energy in the thermal processes of agricultural production is justified in the works of domestic and foreign authors (Kanakin & Kogan, 1986; Rasstrigin, 1988; Morozov, 2011).
There should be noted scientific works and developments of scientists in the field of hot water and steam supply (Kagan et al., 1980). In the development of electric steam boilers and water heaters much attention is paid to the heat exchange between electric heater surface and water. The correct choice of heating elements depends on their service life and the reliability of electric heating equipment. The basis of the method of calculation of heat transfer between electric heater and water in bubble boiling mode are the works of well-known experts in the field of heat transfer (Kutateladze, 1990; Rozhenau, 1966; Tolubinskij, 1989). The works of Kuzma-Kichta (1994), Pis'mennyj (1999) and Tikhomirov (2002) are devoted to the intensification of heat exchange in bubbling boiling water. Currently much attention is paid to the creation of combined systems of hot water and steam supply with the use of hot water accumulation in a capacitive water heater-thermos (Tikhomirov, 2013a). The thermal accumulation occurs in the time when there is a reduced cost for electricity.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Heat Supply: Activity on production, transfer, distribution, and use of heat energy without its sale (for own needs).
Heat Recovery: (in the case of ventilation) Return of heat from the exhaust air. Warm air exchanges heat with cold supply air in the heat exchanger. The cooled air is emitted outside, and the fresh and heated air is supplied to the room.
Steam and Water Heater: Device for generating steam and heating water in one unit.
Heat Accumulation: (for electrical installations) Accumulation of heat energy during a reduced tariff for electric energy.
Microclimate: Complex of physical factors of the internal environment of rooms influencing a thermal exchange of an organism and health of both animals and people.
Superheater: Device designed to overheat steam, that is, increase its temperature above the saturation point. Superheated steam has higher heat content.
Ozonation: Purification technology based on the use of ozone gas, which is a strong oxidizer.