Enhancing the Online Learning Environment for Medical Education: Lessons From COVID-19

9.2 Background

Indonesia shares an ocean with Asia and Australia. Indonesia has a geographic area of around 1.9 million square kilometers and about 276 million people. Around half of the country's population lives in urban regions. The remaining half of the country's population lives in rural areas, also known as the “Emerald of the Equator.” (United Nations, 2021). Indonesia's terrain varies from coastal lowlands to larger islands, with interior mountains. The authors consider most of the country to be a tropical landscape. The capital city lies in the country's west-central region. The government is a republic, with the president as the head of government (Fathurrahman et al., 2020). One of the world's most heavily populated countries is Indonesia. In recent years, Indonesia has had consistent economic development. Farmers continue to raise livestock, and mining, notably petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, and silver, is a significant economic activity (Asian Development Bank 2021).