This chapter describes the overview of entrepreneurship; corporate entrepreneurship and sustainable entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship and pro-market institutions; entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); the important aspects of diaspora entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship education, knowledge transfer, and technology transfer; and migration, employment, brain drain, and brain gain. The objectives of industrial development, regional growth, and employment generation depend on entrepreneurial development concerning entrepreneurship and diaspora entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs and diaspora entrepreneurs play the crucial roles in accelerating the pace of economic development of countries by discovering the new uses of available resources and maximizing their utilization in global business. The works of entrepreneurs and diaspora entrepreneurs involve the utilization of managerial skills which they develop while planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling, and coordinating the activities of business.
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In the few last decades, researchers have paid attention to the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in productivity, employment, and economic development (Wennekers, van Stel, Thurik, & Reynolds, 2005). Entrepreneurs are considered as the agents of change and growth of an economy and may act to accelerate the generation, dissemination, and application of innovative ideas (Carvalho, 2015). Entrepreneurs are not only responsible for the creation of new firms, but also for their technological lead and success as well as for the creation of new jobs (Faggio & Silva, 2014). The influence of starting new businesses on economic growth has led to an increasing number of studies approaching the factors that affect the development of entrepreneurial phenomenon, the study of entrepreneurial personality, and the identification of the motivations for starting a business (Sasu & Sasu, 2015). Regarding entrepreneurship, the new business venture reflects better competitiveness and economic performance (Szopa & Kopeć, 2016).
Drori et al. (2009) indicated that transnational entrepreneurship research deals with issues concerning why, how, and when individuals and organizations pursue new business ventures, often in far less attractive environments, while relying on abilities and opportunities deriving from the exploitation of resources, both social and economic aspects, in more than one country. Diaspora and transnational entrepreneurship (DTE) relates to diaspora entrepreneurs pursuing new entrepreneurial ventures involving their countries of origin (Riddle, Hrikvnak, & Nielsen, 2010). Both transnational entrepreneurship and DTE are based on transnationalism, which is the well-recognized concept to describe a contemporary form of migration, characterized by the process by which migrants actively maintain a wide variety of ties (e.g., political, social, economic, and emotional perspectives) to more than one country simultaneously (Glick Schiller, Basch, & Blanc-Szanton, 1995).