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Essential Oils and Their Biological Applications: Extraction methods, Types, Biological Activities, Antimicrobial Fumes

Essential Oils and Their Biological Applications: Extraction methods, Types, Biological Activities, Antimicrobial Fumes

Minky Mukhija (Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, India), Ankush Sundriyal (Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, India), and Aanchal Loshali (Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, India)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 18
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5129-8.ch020
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Abstract

Essential oils are terpinoids and their oxygenated derivatives, which are widely used for antimicrobial, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal uses. They are aromatic, hydrophobic, and volatile in nature and frequently used in medicinal and cosmetic industries. Especially nowadays, volatile oils have a significant role in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries. Various conventional and modern methods of extraction of volatile oil are available. Volatile oil can play an important role in minimization of microbial load at primary stage and/or to prevent the growth of the microorganisms during various stages of product management. However, there is still the need more emphasis on research regarding EO.
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Components Of Essential Oils

EO is the mixture of various phytochemicals and obtained from the primary metabolites in the form of secondary metabolites. EO is present in high concentration (approximately 20-70%) (Croteau et al., 2000; Betts, 2001). Numerous compounds which belong from the family of terpenes have been recognized in EOs. Majority of EO components alone show the biological properties (Veras et al., 2012) but occasionally a combination of molecules changes biological activity (Carson et al., 2006; Bakkali et al., 2008). The EO constituents of any specific plant depends on the plant part used, whether it be flowers, leaves, stems, bark, wood, whole fruits, pericarp, seed, or roots (Rivera Calo et al., 2015).

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