The ethical issues of how the computer evolved to the artificial intelligence and machine learning era are explored in this chapter. To develop these intelligent systems, what are the basic principles, policies, and rules? How are these systems helpful to humankind as well as to society? How are businesses and other relevant organizations adapting AI and ML? AI and ML are booming technology. They have major applications in healthcare, computer vision, traffic networks, manufacturing, business trade markets, and so on.
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In this chapter, we are trying to explain how artificial intelligence and machine learning came into existence in the world. Is AI necessary for mankind? If this is the case, how important is AI in human life, and how much of it is required? Along with that, we are discussing how computers are evolving, starting from small abacuses to AI as robotics. Mainly, we are dealing with: what are the ethical issues of AI? How these are effective for AI development Are you eager to learn about AI? What is AI? How is it useful? How has the invention of AI made human life easier and more effective? What ethical issues are effective and useful for constructing AI robotics? So, let’s start our journey towards the world of AI (Tutorials Point, n.d.).
Many changes have occurred since man began his civilization from monkey to man. As humans discovered their wants and needs in life, they began inventing things to make it easier and more meaningful. According to his knowledge, he invented many things, such as the motor bike for transportation, the electric light for lighting, the house for living, and numerous cookware pots for cooking. He began learning about things in the education and science sectors to broaden his knowledge. As science made tremendous changes to human life, it found many branches like physics, chemistry, biology, mechanics, electronics, electrical engineering, and computers. But here, we are not discussing all the branches of science. So, here we are talking about only one demanding, curious branch of science: is Computers (Tutorials Point, n.d.).
Because of the history of computers, our journey began. Man made all the research and inventions with his knowledge to make man’s life easier in an effective manner. So, in the history of computers, the first machine invented to calculate or for counting was the abacus. The abacus is a combination of rods and grooves, and it is used to do some mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication. An abacus is used to count the numbers by moving string balls to do mathematical operations (Tutorials Point, n.d.). An abacus looks like the image below.
Figure 1.
Abacus, first calculating device
Humans improved the calculations by an abacus to some small calculating machine known as the calculator as inventions and requirements were noticed. This machine is used for some mathematical operations that need to be done quickly and easily to save time. The calculator looks like the one in the below figure.
Along with calculations of numbers using combinations of alphabets and the concept of a typewriter, the scientists invented the first computer. This machine is used for both calculation and typing purposes. These machines were invented to make human work easier and faster to calculate. As inventions and research were done in science and technology, they moved to the computers, of which there are many types, like microcomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. The man can complete many tasks more quickly. This computer is a piece of electronic equipment that accepts input from input devices such as keyboards. This data processes and displays the output on the monitor of the computer. The computer is faster than a human, so it replaces humans (Tutorials Point, n.d.).