Evaluating the Effects of Wine Tourism on the Triple Bottom Line of Spanish Wineries: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

Abstract

The study aims to evaluate the influence of wine tourism on the overall sustainability performance of Spanish wineries, encompassing economic, social, and environmental dimensions. To ensure a thorough analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships, control variables such as the winery's age, size, and affiliation with a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) are included. A conceptual model is developed and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), based on survey data from 202 Spanish wineries. The findings reveal a significant and positive correlation between wine tourism activities and the three sustainability dimensions for Spanish wineries.