Fertility, Family, and Future: Navigating Reproductive Choices for People With Autism and Intellectual Disability

Abstract

The reproductive rights of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID) are often neglected due to misconceptions about their cognitive ability, maturity, and inability to form productive romantic relationships. This lack of education and access to tailored, inclusive health information leaves them vulnerable to abuse, risky sexual behavior, and exploitation. Moreover, societal stigmas, such as assumptions of asexuality, infantilization, and perceived incompetence, restrict their autonomy and deny them fundamental rights to sexual health, relationships, and parenthood. Families, particularly in Asian cultures, often face dilemmas about long-term care and future planning for their children with disabilities. While some parents consider institutional care or assisted reproductive technologies, others prefer caregiving within the family. However, cultural norms and financial constraints complicate these decisions.