Abstract
The complex phenomenon of migration has always accompanied human existence, concerning movements of entire populations or tribes migrating to different regions in the hope of finding better living conditions. Precarious living standards, a climate of violence and wars, environmental degradation, economic prospects of misery, and a growing gap between poorer and richer countries form the basis of the complexity that characterizes this phenomenon. Migratory movements involve the movement of millions of people every year from one place to another around the world; according to the UNHCR, as many as 5% of the world's population are migrants, with millions of people uprooted from their places of residence and life, including millions of refugees outside their country of origin, as well as millions of internally displaced people who have fled war and persecution including several million asylum seekers.
TopMethodological Bases Of Research
Although there were some pioneering works in the social sciences from the 1980s onwards, notably those of Noiriel and Sayad, the question of migration was relatively little addressed in Europe (Noiriel, 1989), (Gillette & Sayad, 1984), (Sayad, 1999), (Sayad, 1987). Several reasons can be put forward for this observation, for example, the reluctance of certain states to consider themselves as countries of immigration, as well as the relationship to colonial history. Moreover, in France, for example, the design of the Republic defined as a nation one and indivisible, homogeneous and uniform - from a linguistic, cultural and religious point of view - immigration has long been thought under the prism of “assimilation”, rather than a recognition of cultural pluralism (Noiriel, 1995).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Trafficking: The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of people through force, fraud, or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit.
Intergovernmental: Existing or occurring between two or more governments or levels of government.
Free Movement: The legal right for workers, goods, services, and capital to move from one country to another without legal restrictions or disadvantages.
Crime: The intentional commission of an act usually deemed socially harmful or dangerous and specifically defined, prohibited, and punishable under criminal law.
Industrialization: Process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing. Mechanized methods of mass production are an essential component of this transition.
Asylum: The protection offered by a country or state to a refugee who has left their home country because of persecution they have or may suffer.
Borders: A real or artificial line that separates geographic areas. Borders are political boundaries. They separate countries, states, provinces, counties, cities, and towns. A border outlines the area that a particular governing body controls.
Integration: The act of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.