Abstract
The internet of things (IoT) is viewed as something that connects everyday objects like smart TV and smart phones. Automation is the future of human civilization. It's like operating various devices and machinery with minimum or no human intervention. In this chapter, home appliances and other electronic devices are proposed to be controlled over internet with the help of website or smartphone. Speech recognition technology has been implemented in this chapter which will help complete or partially visually impaired people or persons with physical disability. Smart CCTV concept has been developed in this chapter which will allow to operate the web camera whenever it detects motion and sleep at other times which will save energy as well as storage unlike current CCTV scenario. Also, smart CCTV captures images and video footage and provides the real-time status of the place via a registered email address, website, and mobile app. If you are outside, you can check the status of your home and be in line with it, and you will activate the home appliances from the web site and through speech.
TopIntroduction
The automated house is a system developed to control electrical and electronic appliances in our house such as light, fan, air-conditioning, security system, television etc. Besides controlling our house, this system may also do the monitoring job (“Home Automation System with Their Applications”, 2018). For example monitor the temperature, live status of the electrical and electronic home appliances, closed-circuit television (CCTV) system and many more.
With the current technology, this system can be accessed through several ways; web-based, software, and smart phone application (Wang, Dixon, Bhimani & Sugiura, 2015). This makes the automated house easier to be used depending on our target of what we want to control, our budget, our type of system and so on. This system will be integrated with our house electrical system.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is viewed as something that connects everyday smart devices like Smart TV, smart phones and sensors. These devices allow modern styles of communication between individuals and things, and among things themselves (Sagar & Kusuma, 2015). IoT technology has advanced considerably in a previous couple of years since it adds value to a brand new dimension to the world of communication and technologies. Automation may be defined as the technology through which various machines, vehicles, electronic devices etc. which are used commonly by people can be operated with minimum or no human intervention.
Home automation is one of the future aspects of automation. It makes an autonomous environment for home appliances which are connected to a wireless network. These are controlled by wireless communication technology.
Nowadays, automation plays a very important role in all workplaces and living homes. Presently automation techniques are implemented either using microcontroller or computer. With the use of microcontroller, it is difficult to control, manage or monitor the home appliances or devices, intruder detection and speech recognition at the same time i.e., it is very complex to perform the multiple functions simultaneously (Ganesh & Khan, 2015; Kaur, 2010). The researchers can achieve this with the help of computer, but the use of computer is very expensive for this purpose and consumes more power also. The Raspberry is a single board computer and it can be used to overcome these problems. Simply, the Raspberry Pi system functions like a computer with the small setup. It contains GPIO and USB ports. Using these ports users can control the home appliances using the sensors, speech recognition as well as interface the camera for intruder detection. Raspberry Pi is a computer that can be used for multiple purposes based on user requirement (Shroff, Kauthale, Dhanapune, & Patil, 2017).
The work presented in this chapter mainly focuses on energy savings over the current scenario of home security via CCTV and integration of speech recognition technology using smart phone to control the home appliances.
This chapter proposes a system which will control home appliances by using the website or smart phone, once the system installed in the house. It is meant to save lots of electrical power and human energy. Controlling by using wireless communication is best suited for those that belong to the oldster class or physically disabled.
The system is portable and designed in such a way that its installation, configuration, and maintenance are extremely easy and straightforward.
In this work, some of the home appliances are completely automated like fans will automatically turn ON/OFF when the room temperature goes HIGH/LOW (above threshold/below threshold), lights will automatically turn ON/OFF when brightness goes LOW/HIGH with the use of LDR sensor (Soumya, Chavali, Gupta & Rao, 2016; Kodali, Soratkal & Boppana, 2016).
There are different objectives for the home automation system like safety, security, energy conservation, reducing human effort.
Key Terms in this Chapter
PIR Sensor: PIR stands for passive infrared sensor. PIR sensor detects a human being moving around within the range of 5m to 12m from the sensor. PIR sensor is fundamentally made of a pyro electric sensor, which can detect levels of infrared radiation. Show in Figure 13 (see Appendix). In this proposed work, PIR used for intruder detection. When an intruder is detected by PIR sensor then the camera will go high and capture the images and videos of that intruder and immediately send to the registered email address and website.
Home Appliances or Devices: Home appliances or devices are electrical and electronic components which accomplish some household functions such as cleaning, cooking, or food preserving, etc., some of the home appliances like fans, lights, AC, induction cooker, etc.
Camera Module: The raspberry pi camera module is a camera that is used to capture full HD 1080p photos and record the videos. It can be controlled programmatically. In this proposed work, the camera module will capture the images and videos of the intruder (see Figure 11 in the Appendix).
Speech Recognition: In speech recognition technique, words and phrases in spoken language are converted into a text or machine-readable format. Speech recognition works using algorithms through acoustic and language modeling. The acoustic model is a file that contains a statistical representation of each of the distinct sounds that makes up a word. An acoustic model contains the large database of speech that is called a speech corpus. And use special training algorithms to create statistical representations for each phoneme in a language. Language models are used to constrain search in a decoder by limiting the number of possible words that need to be considered at any one point in the search. The consequence is faster execution and higher accuracy. Language models constrain search either absolutely (by enumerating some small subset of possible expansions) or probabilistically (by computing a likelihood for each possible successor word). The former will usually have an associated grammar this is compiled down into a graph; the latter will be trained from a corpus. Statistical language models (SLMs) are good for free-form input, such as dictation or spontaneous speech, where it's not practical or possible to a priori specify all possible legal word sequences.
Home Security: Security is also the primary concern in a smart home. For safety from fire water and high temperature, appropriate sensors should be installed to alert us in cases of fire breakout or water leakage. Our smart home can also be vulnerable to robbery. To prevent our house from getting robbed, we can install cameras that record the footage in the cloud. Also, to get informed on any unauthorized entries and suspicious behavior, infrared alarm system (it could be a PIR sensor or burglar alarm system) can be arranged in the fencing and entrances.
Temperature and Humidity Sensor: DHT11 is basic temperature and capacitive humidity sensor which works on 3-5 V power. The output data of this sensor is digital and which is why we are using this module in the chapter with raspberry pi so that it easy for raspberry pi to get information from sensors. It is simple to use and will need time to acquire data from the sensors (see Figure 16 in appendix). In this proposed work, temperature and humidity sensor is used for switching on/off fans or AC automatically when temperature or humidity goes low/high respectively.