Mixed Methods research has been widely accepted, used and reported in fields such as sociology, education, and health, among others, and has been practiced by marketers for many decades (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007; Tashakkori & Teddlie 1998). Even so, most marketers don’t use the term “mixed methods” and, in actuality, few mixed methods marketing cases have been published. Consequently, the rich methodology and alternative research designs available in the area of mixed methods have not been as formally adopted by marketers as one might expect—even though qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used by them since the 1950’s. Marketers have long realized the advantages of combining quantitative research with qualitative research most often in the form of large sample surveys and focus groups and most often in a QUAL – QUAN sequence.
While one-on-one in-depth interviews are used by marketers when there is a need to study individuals’ decision-making processes in depth and for sensitive and personal issues, focus groups have been the qualitative method of choice among marketers for many years. One potential contribution to mixed methods research made by marketers is their careful consideration of segmentation in determining the composition of focus groups. An example is available in Table 1. While not generally using this nomenclature, marketers most often tend to use and begin the sequence with the Exploratory Design in their mixed methods studies. Most often this is done to identify important variables and issues which they will then study quantitatively through survey methodology. Thus, the Exploratory Sequential Design would be the mixed method design of choice in most marketing research studies. The focus group discussions enable marketers to develop a better instrument for use in the quantitative phase in that the variables, propositions and issues have been raised which need to be quantified.
Note: Companies migrating upward are those using increasing spending at the institute. Those migrating downward are decreasing spending at the institute. Those companies with no migration are maintaining the status quo.