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Hydrogen Storage Technologies and Related Heat and Mass Transfer Studies

Hydrogen Storage Technologies and Related Heat and Mass Transfer Studies

Rahul Uday Urunkar (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India) and Sharad Dattatray Patil (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India)
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 25
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-6721-3.ch008
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Abstract

The energy demands of the future are ever increasing, and hydrogen as an ideal energy carrier can fulfil these demands. The production, purification, delivery, storage, and application are the significant measures of the hydrogen-based economy. The utmost challenge to utilize hydrogen as a fuel lies in the improvement of storage techniques. Hydrogen storage technologies comprise of high-pressure compression, cryogenic liquefaction, and absorption in solid state such as metal hydrides and complex hydrides. As compared with other techniques, hydrogen storage in solid form seems to be one of the utmost likely solutions. However, it involves extremely coupled transport processes such as chemical kinetics, heat, and mass transfer. Complex hydrides are capable substitute aspirants for solid state hydrogen storage because of many advantages, but many of such hydrides suffer from poor kinetics as well as great thermodynamic stability. Significant heat transfer techniques and issues associated with hydrogen storage methods are discussed, with emphasis on metal hydride.
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Storage Types

Consistent and harmless storage as well as distribution of hydrogen are the important stages to the extensive usage of hydrogen. The hydrogen based green economy necessitates stationary as well as mobile storage systems for hydrogen to succeed. Stationary hydrogen storage systems are mostly for stationary generation of power. Mobile hydrogen storage systems are mostly for usage in a vehicle. But, these systems of hydrogen storage have their weird necessities and defies (Prabhukhot et al., 2016). The different storage methods for hydrogen are revealed in Figure 1. Three primary methods used to store hydrogen include high pressure gas, cryogenic liquid and solid state hydride. In order to enhance gravimetric densities, many new materials such as metal organic frameworks, various forms of carbon, complex hydrides etc. are also being recommended by many researchers.

Figure 1.

Hydrogen storage methods

978-1-6684-6721-3.ch008.f01
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Doe Target

Table 1 shows targets for on-board hydrogen storage set by the United States Department of Energy (US-DOE). These technical performance targets provide the guiding principles for the onboard storage of hydrogen study and put up a long run perspective for storage of hydrogen. However, meeting all these targets simultaneously has been acknowledged as a challenging task.

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