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Implementation and Demonstration of Electric Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) Application: A Case Study

Implementation and Demonstration of Electric Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) Application: A Case Study

Mahdi Shafaati Shemami (CARET, Aligarh Muslim University, India) and Marzieh Sefid (Aligarh Muslim University, India)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 26
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6858-3.ch015
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Abstract

This chapter emphasizes the utilization of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) as a backup power source for residential loads in under-developing and developing countries. It works as a source of energy in residential micro-grid based on the condition of vehicle battery without harming its function as an EV (electric vehicle). The suggested V2H system uses solar PV power to charge vehicle battery; therefore, the entire system works as a residential nano-grid system. The EV is considered as a load of home when its batteries are charged by solar PV or grid. However, the main emphasis is given to use solar PV power to reduce charging from the grid. The key objectives of this work are to minimize the energy cost of a household by reducing the dependency of residential loads on the power grid to enhance the reliability of power supply to residential loads during load shedding and blackouts and to maximize the utilization of power produced by solar PV array mounted on the rooftop.
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Introduction

Climate change and pollution of the environment are the two challenges that the world is facing today. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission analysis of the world is shown in Figure 1 shows that transportation is a major contributor to increase CO2 emission (International Emissions Agency 2015). Especially in the U.S., personal vehicles (light-duty vehicles) represent 60% of the transportation emissions is shown in Figure 2 (Transportation Overview | Center for Climate and Energy Solutions n.d.).

Figure 1.

World CO2 emissions by sector in 2013 (International Emissions Agency 2015)

978-1-7998-6858-3.ch015.f01
Figure 2.

U.S. transportation sector CO2 emission, by source (Transportation Overview Center for Climate and Energy Solutions n.d.)

978-1-7998-6858-3.ch015.f02

Emissions of private-sector vehicles (2 wheelers and 4 wheelers) can be decreased by the utilization of EVs and PHEV. The EVs/ PEVs / PHEVs (it can be called xEVs) have achieved considerable attention in the last years because of rising attention about the energy crisis, environmental pollution and rapid climate change. XEVs are vehicles with a large battery pack. Thus, the higher mileage and lower cost per unit (Rs/km) led to an increase of EV penetration in the vehicle market in recent years (All-Electric Vehicles n.d.). It is estimated that the worldwide sales of EVs will reach a staggering 3.8 million by 2020 (Mehta et al. 2016).

In India over 85% of the houses of rural area in five states out of the six states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Odisha had electrical energy less than 8 h. In some areas for less than 50 W loads also there is a power supply problem, in some areas electrical energy is not available for the entire day (Jhunjhunwala, Lolla, and Kaur 2016). Generally, in India, a Lead-acid battery-based UPS/inverter system utilized in the household as a backup power supply. The rated capacity normally used is generally 2 kWh to 5 kWh that regularly, one or two batteries in series or parallel connection are used for this case. The EVs battery in comparison UPS based system has a large capacity. The small EV has a battery pack in the range of 12–18 kWh capacity, the middle-sized EVs battery pack is in the range of 22–32 kWh, and the large sedan vehicle has 60–90 kWh battery package (University 2017).

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