Abstract
Sowing is one of the main operations in the technological complex of cultivation of cereals. Only with high quality seed distribution along the length and depth of the row can the maximum productivity and yield be achieved. A tractor with a seeding machine is subjected to continuously changing external influences that have a negative impact on the performance indicators of the technological operation. Based on the cereal cultivation technology, it is necessary to use tractors with transmissions that can absorb the oscillations and increase the stability of the coulter group of the seeding machine. Since this improves the quality of the operation, reduces the consumption of spent seed and fuel and increases environmental component of the process.
TopIntroduction
The growth of the world population and the related increase in demand for food poses new challenges for agricultural production. One of these challenges is the intensification of agricultural production worldwide. The solution to this problem requires the use of new techniques and new technologies for the cultivation of crops.
Sowing is one of the main operations in the technological complex of measures for the cultivation of grain. Only at high quality of distribution of seeds on length and depth of a row the maximum productivity can be received. The tractor with the seeder (sowing machine-tractor unit) is exposed to continuously changing external influences, which have a negative impact on the performance of the technological operation.
Based on the technology of grain cultivation, for sowing it is necessary to use a tractor with transmissions that can absorb fluctuations and increase the stability of the coulters group. This improves the quality of the operation, reduces the consumption of spent seed, and fuel, improves the environmental component of the process.
The efficient functioning of the sowing machine and tractor unit you can improve due to installation in the transmission of the tractor is a hydro-pneumatic damping device with a variable moment of inertia. This device reduces the fluctuations of the external traction load transmitted to the engine, stabilizes the work of the coulter group of the trailed seeder, and reduces the vibration load of the power transmission.
Studies conducted on an experimental sample of the tractor showed that to improve the efficiency of the technological operation-sowing, it is possible by increasing the efficiency of the sowing machine-tractor unit on the basis of a tractor of class 1.4, by introducing a hydro-pneumatic damper into the transmission. The analysis shows that the use of a hydro-pneumatic damping device in the transmission of a tractor of small traction class is an effective constructive measure that improves the output of the unit and improves the sowing operation.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Spectral Density Function (or Power Spectrum): Refers to the characteristics by which the basic properties of stationary random processes are analyzed. The spectral density function characterizes the harmonic composition of the studied process and determines the energy spectrum.
Gearbox (GB): A change speed gearbox for changing the torque and for transfer it from engine to wheels.
Mobile Agricultural Unit: Is a source of mechanical energy. With it, the machine moves around the field, for example, a tractor pulls a plow or a cultivator behind it. In addition, the tractor can actuate the working bodies of another machine, such as a silage cutter. Sometimes he sets in motion both the machine and its working organs, like those of a potato, flax, beet harvester, harvester, and mower.
Etiolated Part of the Plant: Is the part of the plant that grew in the dark (in the soil) and is characterized by the absence of chlorophyll, the abnormal shape of the organs and the weak development of the cell membranes.
Machine-Tractor Unit (MTU): Is a tractor connected to a working machine or machines. A tractor in the unit is a source of mechanical energy which helps the machine to move around the field, for example when a tractor pulls a cultivator.
Elastic-Damping Mechanism (EDM): Is a mechanism that damps vibrations and dissipates energy inside the system under the effect of cyclic loads. In this case, the mechanical energy of the oscillations is converted into the thermal energy.
Slipping Tractor Thrusters: Is the interaction of a tractor wheel or track with a supporting surface, accompanied by a reduction in the rate of translational movement, a change in traction characteristics due to different characteristics of the supporting surface and traction resistance.
Autocorrelation Function: Is the dependence of the relationship between the function (signal) and its shifted copy on the magnitude of the time shift.
Correlation Function: Is a function of time and spatial coordinates, which determines the correlation in systems with random processes.