Abstract
The information technology that is researched in the chapter provides a spatial overlay of the images received by the camera of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and raster maps of open aerial photography services. Such software helps to solve issues of actualization of maps, observation of agricultural field yields, creation of terrain photo planes, monitoring, etc. “Frames and a Map Overlay Tools” is software developed in C# using .NET4.0. All algorithms that were used during the development of the complex are described in detail, as well as the flow diagrams of the data utilities from which the complex is composed. Despite the fact that the testing of this complex has shown poorly high speed in real time, the estimates will allow the possibility of its interactive use under conditions of further refinement.
TopStatement Of The Problem
Let consider the World Geodetic System 84 (WGS 84). The authors assume that UAV is defined by (BBLA, LBLA, zBLA) on WGS 84, where BBLA is the camera latitude, LBLA - is the camera longitude and zBLA - is the height of the camera's focus above the surface of the global ellipsoid and coordinates of the UAV’s camera are the same as UAV coordinates.
There is also the ξηζ O´ coordinate system, such that the point O´ is a center of the vehicle mass and ξηζ are three principal axes, that describe a local position of UAV. The axis ξ is oriented from the vehicle tail to the vehicle nose according to the vehicle course, η is an axis directed from the left to right with regard to the pilot and it is parallel to wings and ζ is an axis directed from a top to a down and it’s orthogonal to other axes. Let remark that ξηζ O´ is the right-hand system.
The following angles are known: ω is the rotation angle of UAV around an axis ξ, φ is the rotation angle around η and κ is the rotation angle around ζ. These angles are called orientation angles of UAV.
Let assume that the authors obtain the following data (photo, BBLA, LBLA, zBLA, ω, φ, κ), where photo is a digital photo (also “frame” in further) and (ω, φ, κ) is the triple of the orientation angles at a moment of making a photo. What are the coordinates of photo points on the raster map of the area?
Key Terms in this Chapter
Pulkovo 1942 (SC-42): A coordinate system established in the Soviet Union in 1942 and provides parameters which are linked to the geocentric Cartesian coordinate system PZ-90. It was used in geodetic calculations, notably in military mapping and determining state borders.
Global Positioning System (GPS): A satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force. It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): An aircraft without a human pilot aboard.
Raster Map: A dot matrix data structure that represents a generally rectangular grid of pixels (points of color), viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium and encodes geographic data in the pixel values as well as the pixel locations.
Map Overlay: The compiling onto a single map all the disqualified areas on the individual maps and then choosing among whatever qualified locations remain.
Information Technology: The use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise.
World Geodetic System (WGS): A standard for use in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. It comprises a standard coordinate system for the Earth, a standard spheroidal reference surface (the datum or reference ellipsoid) for raw altitude data, and a gravitational equipotential surface (the geoid) that defines the nominal sea level.