International Business Valuation Standards: Accounting Perspective

Introduction

Valuation standards have a significant role to play in helping to harmonize professional practice at domestic and global levels, and are widely used and reliable in domestic and international financial markets, to be included in the financial statements of listed companies in those markets, or to support secured lending, acquisition and merger transactions(Adair et al, 2014) .The International Valuation Standards Council (IVSC) promotes leading practice approaches for the conduct and competency of professional valuers The International Valuation Standards (IVS) issued by (IVSC) also are standards for undertaking valuation assignments using generally recognized concepts and principles that promote transparency and consistency in valuation practice (IVSC Framework, 2017). Although these standards are not geared to financial reporting only, however, one of IVSC's objectives is to help reduce differences in how companies and auditors are integrated in different countries and apply IFRS, particularly to enhance consistency in the measurement of assets and liabilities for the purposes of financial reporting purposes (IVSC, 2014).

Despite the existence of financial reporting standards and valuation standards, the large challenge faced by countries that have transferred to adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is the difference in interpretation and then in application . If preliminary studies were found in European countries (for example) that adopted (IFRS). As of 2005, allows companies to subsequently measurement choose between the fair value model and the cost model for investment property. Although the entity is must use a single model for all of its investments, but if the fair value cannot be determined reliability and on a continuous basis, the investments are measured using the cost mode (IAS40.para.32-A), Thus, the entity can maintain investment property, some of which are measured at fair value model and others are based on the cost model. The researchers found that the measurements were clearly different, and the main reason of this difference is that there are multiple references to the valuation of (up to ten references in the European countries) (IVSC 2007) . On the other hand, the application of fair value has resulted in significant fluctuations in the amounts of assets and liabilities, and then effected on relevant and reliability of accounting information provided to users (Abdulluhi & Maaji, 2016) (Gokcen & Teraman, 2018), and that different valuation practices may provide different results because of the different inputs used and the adjustment to this inputs (Aurora & Bontes,2013) . However the (IASB) believes that financial reports are not designed to show the value of a entity; but they provide information (indirectly) to help existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors to assess the value of the entity (IASB, Framework 2018:para.1-7), in the other words Accounting provides information as input to users’ own decision models, rather than providing a decisive valuation (Whittington, 2010:104). Thus, we need to make additional improvements towards application consistency of valuation and financial reporting standards. .The core questions that this chapter attempts to answer are: Is there a relationship between (IVS) and (IFRS) ? Or are (IVS) a prerequisite for adoption of IFRS? And whether their use together serves to valuation the business, assets and liabilities of the entity in real values?