International Human Rights Perspectives on Birthright Citizenship and Prenatal Tourism

Abstract

This study explores the intricate issues surrounding birthright citizenship and prenatal tourism through a comprehensive analysis rooted in international human rights perspectives. Birthright citizenship, enshrined in principles of jus soli, grants citizenship to individuals born within a country's territory, but its exploitation through prenatal tourism raises ethical and socio-economic concerns. The research examines historical and legal foundations across 20 countries, highlighting diverse policy responses to balance human rights and national interests. Case studies from the United States, Canada, Australia, and Hong Kong illustrate the real-world implications of these policies. Semi-structured interviews with experts in immigration law and human rights provide practical insights, while a comparative analysis identifies best practices and challenges. The study underscores the necessity for international cooperation and thoughtful policy reforms to address the exploitation of birthright citizenship, and sustainable solutions that uphold human rights and address global inequality.