With the rapid development of technology, the internet of things (IoT) has been an integral part of human society. The expansion and usage of IoT are further being accelerated by the global rollout of 5G cellular technology. The 5G and beyond wireless communications are especially focused on IoT requirements and use cases. One hundred percent coverage and connectivity are promised by the 5G beyond cellular network. The IoT devices may have to connect to any other known or unknown devices for sharing information, which urges different connectivity quality as well as different security and privacy requirements. In this chapter, the authors have explored the usage of 5G network slicing to cater to the diverse IoT connectivity requirement such as latency, bandwidth, and reliability. Moreover, as IoT devices may need to connect to other devices for various purposes, there is a need for trust evaluation among IoT devices. This chapter also discusses the establishment of social relationship among IoT devices to maintain privacy and security requirement through trust management.
TopIntroduction
IoT is a framework of interconnected objects or things having unique identities, autonomous configuration capabilities, and performing autonomously. IoT devices accumulate and share data autonomously, which are connected through various technologies and can be controlled remotely. In IoT-based infrastructure, the connected devices act smartly, intelligent processing is carried out, and communication is informative. IoT performs remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, facilities management, efficient manufacturing, connecting with products, and many more things without human intervention. IoT gathers and accumulates essential data autonomously, performs analysis on those stored data for future decision-making, and influences the overall efficiency of the system. It works in different fields including agriculture, government, retail, manufacturing, and transportation. IoT is a dynamic global network of massively interconnected devices, which can communicate with each other to gather and share data as per the requirements, which is very challenging. Furthermore, to manage the communication among devices across the global network, IoT supports interoperable communication protocols including Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) which enable secure multipoint data transmission in low bandwidth and low energy devices, Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) (developed in 1999, initially it was proprietary and now it is open source) which, enable a secure machine to machine (M2M) communication (Sinche, 2019).
Fifth generation (5G) is the first omnipresent connectivity solution that can provide more reliable, faster, and more efficient wireless communication services as compared to existing wireless communication services. Energy consumption, throughput, reliability, scalability, security, and privacy are major concerns for IoT. The revolution in 5G wireless communication technology focuses on IoT requirements i.e., reliable, secure, and faster communication (Chettri, 2019), and (Akpakwu, 2017). The 5G design goal was to overcome the limitations of 4G (Long Term Evolution (LTE)) wireless communication technology basically for massive IoT (Roberts, 2006). The interconnection of billions of smart devices and the exchange of confidential data over the internet poses security challenges including device tampering, spoofing attack, signal jamming, and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks (Mosenia, 2016), and (Puthal, 2019). Increased massive wireless data traffic demands secure and efficient resource allocation. Separate slice allocation for different applications, combined with strong slice isolation mechanisms, can enable data communicated in different slices to be secure and private (Wijethilaka, 2021).
This chapter considers the connection of IoT with 5G wireless communication technology. Various IoT components along with the role of cloud computing, fog computing, and edge computing in IoT environments with their functionalities are contemplated here. Also focus on various short-range communication technologies like Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), ZigBee, and long-range communication technologies like Long-range Radio (LoRa), Sigfox, 3G, LTE, and 5G used in IoT communication. The role of various technologies like network slicing, and blockchain, with 5G communication technologies to enhance the performance of IoT and SIoT is also discussed. Lastly, the role of 6th generation (6G) wireless communication technology in IoT is discussed.