Inventory Control Policies for Deteriorating Item With Preservation Technology, Quadratic Demand, and Trade Credit for a Single Supplier-Two Retailers Supply Chain: A Centralization vs. Decentralization Approach

Introduction

Nowadays, by keenly dealing expenditure terms and working capital desires, managers can encourage economic performance and achieve significant cost savings. Credit limit permits a retailer to accumulate income and earn interest throughout the credit period. On the other hand, after the accomplishment of the credit period the supplier charges the retailer interest on the unpaid amount. Therefore, from the retailer’s point of view, a credit limit decreases its holding cost, and hence is a dominant advertising tool to attract new customers. In contrast, from the supplier’s perspective, although credit limit increases its opportunity cost because of interest loss in the course of the credit period, it decreases its retailer’s holding cost, attracts new customers, and in turn increases its income.

The economic order quantity (EOQ) was first planned by Harris (1913). Since then creative extensions of his EOQ model have been renowned by researchers. Grubbstrom (1980) invented an inventory policy with two level trade credit with no optimization. Goyal (1985) recognised the retailer’s EOQ model when the supplier scheduled credit limit. Aggarwal and Jaggi (1995) overextended the EOQ model under the effect of credit limit financing from non-deteriorating items to deteriorating items. Jamal et al. (1997) allowed shortages in EOQ model. Chang et al. (2003) accepted an EOQ model of deteriorating items with supplier credits linked to ordering quantity. Huang (2003) offered an inventory model by assuming that the supplier offers the retailer a credit limit and the retailer also supplies its consumers another credit limit to encourage demand. Chen et al. (2014) considered EPQ models for deteriorating items with up-stream full credit limit and down-stream partial trade credit. Recently, Shah and Jani (2016a) studied optimal ordering policy for deteriorating items of fixed-life time with quadratic demand and two-level trade credits. Several interesting articles are by Ouyang and Chang (2013), Chung and Cárdenas-Barrón (2013), Ouyang et al. (2013), Sarkar et al. (2015), Shah and Cárdenas-Barrón (2015), Shah and Jani (2016b), Tiwari et al. (2016), Wu et al. (2016) and their cited references.

Due to the effect of important environmental changeability, most of the goods losses its utility over time is said to be deterioration. Ghare and Schrader (1963) deliberated the inventory model with deterioration. The research papers by Raafat (1991), Shah and Shah (2000), Goyal and Giri (2001), Bakker et al. (2012), for inventory system under the influence of deterioration, emphasising the role of deterioration. The citations in the review articles enclose constant deterioration rate, weibull distributed deterioration etc. Shah et al. (2015a) reflected optimal down – stream credit period and cycle time with deterioration rate in a supply chain. Sett et al. (2012) established flexible deterioration rate. Shah and Chaudhari (2015) considered optimal policies for three players with fixed life-time and two-level trade credits with time and credit dependent demand. Recently, Teng et al. (2016) calculated inventory model of lot-size policies for deteriorating items with expiration dates and advance payments. Some interesting articles are by Chung et al. (2014), Wu et al. (2014) and their cited references.