IoT-Based Agri-Safety Model: Mechanised Agricultural Fencing

Introduction

Farming is one of the most hazardous occupations in India. The risk of farming injuries and illness can be reduced when working with mud, animals, within an extreme climate in the open field by evaluating the risk factors and minimizing them. Accidents can be prevented through better farming education, making sure equipment is well maintained and has adequate safety features, having safety procedures in place, and training to every worker and family member about potential dangers. But the most important way of reducing risk is by using protective and modified accessories and protecting themselves from hazards. Indian farmers are not economically sound as they are unable to protect their land, animals, crops, and themselves. Due to continuously working in unhealthy and extreme climate the Indian farmers are suffering in many types of diseases and Muskulateral disorder(MSD).So extensive researches are essential towards the safety of farmers from occupational hazards by focusing on new smart materials that can help them not only to work in sunlight, rain, mud, and contamination but also help them to increase the productivity and provide a better and ergonomically safe place with pleasing working atmosphere. So evaluating the working conditions and Occupational hazards of Indian farmers and substituting research on modified materials in terms of farming accessories and validating it through test, review, and survey can full fill the research concept. Still, some problems of farmers remain unsolved that is human-animal conflict in farming. Farmers across the country and abroad face significant threats from pests, damages done by animals, and other types of crop losses which result in lower yields. Most often, none of the steps taken to counter the problems are adequate. Agriculture is a vital part of the Indian economy. More than 70% of the people in rural households depend on agriculture. The contribution of agriculture is about 17 percent of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and gives employment to over 60 per-cent of the total population of the country. So, the easier we make for our farmers to produce the better our economy will be in the coming time. That’s why it is very important to develop our agricultural sector. There are many problems in the agricultural sector. Nowadays one of the major issues is the safety of crops from the animals. The cropland near the forest or any reserved wildlife gets affected by the animals for which the production gets decreased. After the result is that the conflict between animals and farmers. This project proposes an inexpensive and effective way to alert the farmer of animal intrusion in the farm by employing a pressure load sensor deployed in the ground wired with a vertically mounted unit with the actuators. The vertically mounted unit produces loud sound and LED light strobes to deter the animal and also alert the farmer.

Humans have cleared the vast areas of land for crop cultivation and their needs increase pressure on wildland animals. So, this causes the migration of animals to a nearby village and rural area to fulfill their requirements and thus resulting in human-animal conflict (HAC). The cropland near a forest or any reserved wildlife gets affected by the animals for which the production gets decreased. The most common way to prevent such interactions, which is in wide use nowadays is to make a barrier, also known as fencing.

The problems created by the wild animal over the crop cultivation has become a very common occurrence across the world. Some of the issues that can be solved by fencing are-

• 1.

  Crops can be protected resulting in an increment in the production.

• 2.

  The conflict between animals and farmers.

• 3.

  Establish a boundary to mark one’s property, etc.

Types of fencing used nowadays:

• •

  Wood fence: Most Popular type of fencing used. They are inexpensive and lightweight. But they are not suitable for long time use due to the effect of environmental factors on wood.

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  Barbed wire fence: Consists of steel wires. They are the most popular fencing solution for farms, agricultural lands, residential apartments & commercial premises.

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  Woven wire fence: Primarily used for agricultural fencing. More effective than barbed wire fencing for containing small animals.

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  High tensile wire fence: Made from carbon steel. Outlasts and outperforms woven wire fence,

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  Electric fence: Consists of live steel wires. They are very effective but at the same time very dangerous.

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  Synthetic fence: Made of PVC or vinyl. They are inexpensive but very durable.