Mechanisms, Impact, and Therapeutic Strategies for Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Diseases: Understanding and Mitigating Oxidative Stress

Abstract

This chapter explores the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and metabolic diseases, specifically diabetes and obesity. It begins with an overview of these conditions, emphasizing their global impact and associated metabolic dysfunctions. The discussion shifts to the biochemical mechanisms of oxidative stress, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production. It examines how oxidative stress affects pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin resistance, linking hyperglycemia to increased oxidative damage. Additionally, the chapter addresses adipose tissue dysfunction and the interplay between inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity-related complications. It concludes by discussing strategies to mitigate oxidative stress through pharmacological and lifestyle interventions, such as antioxidant therapies, dietary changes, regular exercise, and caloric restriction. This comprehensive approach aims to provide insights into effectively managing oxidative stress, thereby improving metabolic health and addressing the challenges posed by diabetes and obesity.