Despite the rapid growth in IoT research, a general principled software engineering approach for the systematic development of IoT systems and applications is still missing. Software engineering as a discipline provides the necessary platform to carry on the underlying design, coding, implementation, as well as maintenance of such systems. UML diagrams present a visually comprehensible outlay of the construction of IoT systems. The chapter covers the modelling of IoT systems using UML diagrams. Starting with the architectural design of any IoT system to behavioral aspects is covered in this chapter using a case study of IoT-based remote patient health monitoring system. The diagrams shown in this chapter are the sample diagrams for understanding IoT-based complex systems. The chapter focuses on the work carried out by Franco Zambonelli in context of developing abstract model of an IoT system using software engineering concepts. The chapter also focus on the pioneer work carried by J. F. Peters in intelligent system design patterns for robotic devices using pattern classification.
TopIot Architecture
The architecture of IoT system consists of physical layer, virtual layer, or a hybrid of the two, with a collection of numerous active physical things, sensors, actuators, cloud services, specific IoT protocols, communication layers, users, developers, and enterprise layer. Figure 1 shows the Layered architectural framework of an IoT system (Bagga and Meddisetti, 2015). Various domain specific architectures based on the broad areas, such as: RFID, service oriented architecture, wireless sensor network, supply chain management, industry, healthcare, smart city, logistics, connected living, big data, cloud computing, social computing, and security are described in (Ray,2016). The selection of these domains depends upon current scenario of IoT applicability. An IoT system comprises of a number of functional blocks (Bagga and Meddisetti, 2015) that provide the system the capabilities for identification, sensing, actuation, communication, and management. These functional blocks are described as: