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Nanoparticles: Types, Applications, and Commercial Products

Nanoparticles: Types, Applications, and Commercial Products

Sameer Quazi (GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore, India & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, UK & School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK & SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia), Sawani Rodrigo (Human Genetics Unit, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka), Zarish Fatima (Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Pakistan), and Aman Prakash (Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottoms University of Agriculture, India)
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 27
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5533-3.ch002
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Abstract

Nanomaterials are molecules with their size lying basically in nano range that are usually synthesized by proper arrangement of nanoparticles. These particles are basically solid phase materials with average size range 1 to 100 nm. They have gained prominent importance in technological development because of their biological and physiochemical properties. They are usually classified or characterized on the basis of size, shape, origin, and composition. The chapter reviews nanoparticles, their detailed classification, and commercialized products from nanoparticles. Because of enhanced production of nanomaterials and their increased applications in biological and industrial fields, the issues related to toxicity or contamination are inevitable. The differences between engineered nanoparticles and natural nanoparticles have been described along with their sources.
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Major Sources Of Nanoparticles

Engineered nanomaterials have been deliberately produced or engineered by humans in order to gain specific properties. Following this scenario legacy nanomaterials are described as those materials which have been commercialized before development of field of Nano biotechnology showing advancement over colloidal and other particle-based materials. They include particles such as carbon black or titanium oxide TiO2 (Landsiedel et al., 2012). Unintentionally nanoparticles have ben produces as a single by product of industrial or mechanical processes obtained through either combustion or vaporization process. These nanoparticles which are called as incidental nanoparticles have sources such as smoke or exhaust from vehicles, fumes of welding, combustion process being resulted from heating or cooking in homes (Rao and Cheetham, 2001).

Table 1.
The types of nanoparticles along with its sources being listed
Nanoparticles typeSource
Natural nanoparticlesDust storms
Forest fires
Volcanos
Ocean and water evaporation
Organisms
Anthropogenic nanoparticlesDiesel and engine
Cigerrete smoke
Demolition of buildings
Cosmetics
Indoor pollution
Engineered nanoparticles
Metals and other dustsBeryllium
Lead and copper
Asbestos
Cadmium
Aluminum
Nickel
Manganese
Iron and silicon
Organic dust
Coal and polymer fumes

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