Nanotechnology in Industry

1 Historical Background

Nanotechnology is one of the new and very rapid research fields, which is studied by many scientists all over the world in governmental, commercial, academic and research laboratories, and many scientists working in this field confirm that nanotechnology will bring about a new industrial revolution in the near future in various areas of life, as well as radical transformations in economy and technology. Nanotechnology applications attract the attention of many scientists, industrialists and funders. The nanotechnology revolution aims to develop a new type of atomic electronics that adopts quantum mechanics and the movement of individual particles, which will produce equipment faster and many times smaller than anything around us now. Scientists turn to engineers designing equipment at the atomic level, and in such a system the fields of engineering, electricity, mechanics, physics, and chemistry intertwine and overlap becoming stronger together. This interconnectedness and overlap can promise a lot of new inventions and innovations. Simultaneously, it is perceived that the modern applications may bring about new difficulties in various fields, such as medication advancement, water sterilization, data and correspondence advances, and the creation of more grounded, lighter materials (Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004). Power transformer is a primary hardware in power transmission stations, so upgrading adequacy and unwavering quality is essential to improve dependability of system. Nanofluids are created by adding nanoparticles to transformer dielectric liquid with the purpose of improving the dielectric liquid's securing and warm attributes. Nanofluids have some potential highlights which make them unique for various mechanical applications. Countless research bunches concentrated on the radically improved warm properties of nanofluids, particularly warm conductivity and convective warmth move (Agarwal et al., 2005; Kochetov et al., ; Material Safety Data Sheet, 2010; Nijenhuis & Butselaar-Orthlieb, 2008; Roustaei et al., 2013; Schulte & Salamanca-Buentello, 2007; Shin & Banerjee, 2011; Uhlig & Marsmann, 2008). From among research examining the warm properties of nanofluids, only a little piece of the investigation bundles focused on the electrical properties of nanofluids. In 1998, an estimated extended AC motivation breakdown quality of a magnetite nanofluid considering transformer oil was conducted (Du, 2010).

In light of this outcome, O'Sullivan reproduced the decoration proliferation in mineral oil and in mineral oil-based nanofluids. The reproduction results showed that conductive nanoparticles hinder the decoration spread, since conductive nanoparticles can go about as electron traps in mineral oil (Aksamit et al., 2010; National Research Council, 2002). Along these lines, it is believed that nanofluids dependent on either mineral transformer oil or vegetable oil can be utilized to violently supplant mineral oil in power transformers. Nanoparticles are neither another revelation nor a development of science, their definition is reliant on their molecule size or on specialized planning. Nanoparticles are commonly framed by two unique procedures dependent on coarser particles, the top-down procedure prompts littler particles for the most part by mechanical denunciation. In base up forms, Nano-measured particles are shaped by the gas stage or the fluid stage responses (Charrière & Dunning, 2014; Rao et al., 2004; Walter, 2013).