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Nose-to-Brain Targeted Drug Delivery Bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier: An Overview

Nose-to-Brain Targeted Drug Delivery Bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier: An Overview

Manju Pandey (Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, India)
Copyright: © 2022 |Pages: 25
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8908-3.ch007
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Abstract

The treatment of brain disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, etc. has been challenging due to a variety of obstacles of effective delivery of the drugs to the brain. Intranasal drug delivery (INDD) is a non-invasive and convenient route of drug intake and hence has been useful for drugs targeting neurological (brain) disorders. This method bypasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), delivering the medication directly to the brain. The intranasal route is the direct transportation of drugs via the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways to the brain overcoming the BBB. An enormous range of macromolecular to micromolecular medications can be delivered to the CNS via this pathway. INDDS offers a non-invasive, safe, and convenient route of direct drug administration to the brain and increasing the bioavailability of the drug. Bypassing the BBB is an important factor due to the low permeability of some drugs, and INDDS helps overcome this barrier.
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Intranasal Route Of Drug Delivery

Anatomy and Physiology of the Nose

The main functions of a nasal cavity are breathing and olfaction. It is lined with mucus and hair, which function trapping inhaled particles and pathogens. Mucociliary clearance (MCC), the resonance of sounds, metabolism, and immunological activities are some other essential functions (Marttin et al., 1998). The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into two symmetrical parts along the center, which open at the face as nostrils (Mistry et al., 2009). Each cavity can be segregated further into four divisions: the nasal vestibule, atrium, the olfactory expanse, and the respiratory expanse (Pires et al., 2009).

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