Abstract
The study aims to analyze the related publications on open innovation and entrepreneurship on the Web of Science in the period from 2011 to 2020. The study methodology was bibliometrics and researched on the themes open innovation and entrepreneurship analyzing the following aspects: main authors, analysis by year, main institutions, funding agencies, keywords, main newspapers, main countries and languages, areas of knowledge, and the relationship between authors with the most publications and the most cited. In addition, the authors sought to analyze the co-citation of the aspects listed above. The results of the study, through CiteSpace, encompass multiplicity and diversity as to the authors who most published on the topic, and they found the institution that stood out the most in terms of publications.
TopIntroduction
Eighteen years after the publication of Chesbrough’s book (2003) and studies on open innovation have been studied in academia, which indicates its importance each year. Open innovation has been attracting the attention of national and international researchers about new business models aimed at competitiveness and innovation aspects (Li & Huang, 2019). Chesbrough (2003) already emphasized a facilitator in using comprehensive sources of conceptions, encouraging companies to search for the improvement of their technological capacities and principles. West and Borgers (2014) add that this sharing allows for the acquisition of innovations by sharing resources between
This perspective enhances the importance of open innovation for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) due to the lack of resources and capacities to effectively increase their creations. In this sense, external collaboration is essential to promote access to the lacking inputs (Van de Vrande et al., 2009; Pan-Fagerlin & Wang, 2021).
In the last decade, there have been some changes in research regarding open innovation considering size, where the focus was previously on multinational companies that have become SMEs (Borges et al., 2017). Among such perspectives, we can gain innovation practices (Vanhaverbeke, 2017), modes of collaboration (Henttonen & Lehtimäki, 2017), elaboration of strategic SMEs (Freel & Robson, 2017).
Lee et al. (2018) embrace that the 4th Industrial Revolution is being lived; with this, the performance of open innovation is linked to the primordial understanding of the effects of culture in this area. In this scenario, it is evident that open innovation has a fundamental premise to use the available internal resources more efficiently and subsidise with accessible external resources (Bogers et al., 2018). Chesbrough (2017) points out that there are different perspectives in exploring these new opportunities focused on entrepreneurship. Knowing the relevance of open innovation to a business environment, the study question emerges: What are the contributions on Open Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the Web of Science in the period from 2011 to 2020?”. This study aims to analyse the related publications on Open Innovation and Entrepreneurship on the Web of Science from 2011 to 2020.
The following will be the theoretical framework of the study.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Structural Holes: Interruptions in the flow of information between network nodes and given this relationship gap, each actor has access to different data flows within the network ( Ahuja, 2000 ).
Network Analysis: An analytical tool to explore a construction project as a temporary coalition network (the networks are made of co-cited references; links: are co-citation links; node type: is cited references) ( Small, 1973 ).
Firm Performance: It is the ability to implement strategies effectively to achieve institutional goals.
SME: Small and medium-sized enterprises.
CiteSpace Analysis Software: Used for the bibliometric analysis of all papers, and the results of the analysis of literature clustering, scientific research collaboration, co-citations, and so on were visually displayed ( Chen, 2006 , 2015 , 2017 ).
Open Innovation: The open innovation concept is an emergent paradigm based on the assumption “that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market” (Chesbrough, 2003a, p. 59 AU114: The in-text citation "Chesbrough, 2003a, p. 59" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
Entrepreneurship: Cultural manifestation, which employs attitudes and behavioural forms that change from one region to another according to the way of life of each location ( Braga et al., 2018 ).
Cluster Analysis: Process of dividing a set of physical or abstract objects into multiple groups.