Optimized Hybrid Power System Using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System: Hybrid Power System Using SMES

Optimized Hybrid Power System Using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System: Hybrid Power System Using SMES

Sandeep Bhongade, Ritu Verma
Copyright: © 2020 |Pages: 50
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8551-0.ch002
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Abstract

Renewable energy sources always drag the attention of researchers as alternate sources of power generation. These sources are inexhaustible and free of cost, which makes them very important for fulfilling electrical load demand. Due to stochastic nature of these sources as these are nature dependent, power generation from these sources varies. In order to mitigate this issue, these sources are integrated with distributed generation along with energy storage system so as to maintain the system stability. This chapter focuses on diminishing the frequency variation of microgrid incorporated hybrid power system. A hybrid system consisting of solar, wind, diesel along with a controller and superconducting magnetic energy storage unit is simulated. Whenever load demand of the system increases, frequency falls as a result deviation occurred in the system. This is overcome by the automatic generation control mechanism. Superconducting magnetic energy storage unit absorbs the excessive power available during offload condition and injects the same during peak load condition.
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Energy Storage Systems

Energy storage systems classified into three main categories on the basis of a specific principle are:

  • 1.

    Physical Energy Storage Systems

  • 2.

    Electrochemical ESS

  • 3.

    Electromagnetic ESS

This ESS possesses several advantages and disadvantages with its applications in the field of the power system. These technologies have a strength of maintaining system stability, large storage capacity, improved dynamic response, etc. A brief explanation of the above ESS are showed in Xun et al (2012)

Physical ESS

At present these energy storage systems are quite practical and mature storage systems. Due to the limitation of geographical conditions, these technologies do not possess large scale promotion. These technologies include pumped hydroelectric storage, compressed air energy storage and flywheel storage. CAES is mainly used in load-leveling with energy conversion efficiency less than 70%. On the other hand, the pumped storage system has a large unit volume and various environmental issues. Flywheel coupled with electrical machines stores energy in the power system. All these physical ESS have lower energy conversion efficiency and various limitations limit their use in the system.

Electrochemical ESS

These technologies are moving faster includes Li-ion battery, sodium Sulphur, and fluid flow batteries. BESS is commonly used in several industrial applications but has several disadvantages such as limitations in voltage, current and life cycle and various environmental hazards. These technologies have increased the conversion efficiency of about 80%. In these technologies battery stored energy electrochemically and is cost-effective. Whenever an internal chemical reaction takes place due to applied potential, batteries are charged and get discharge when the reverse phenomenon occurs. Since DC is stored by BESS a power convertor unit is required for interfacing with an AC system. Several advantages of BESS have increased energy density, energy, and cycling capability, initial cost, etc.

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