The main questions that trouble ecologists are concentrated on the state of the environment per square unit, while concerns of food security supporters are concentrated on a cost of production unit (which is bigger in comparison with standard for organic agriculture). Economists, in turn, are concerned about the low cost of decision for achievement of food security in comparison with environmental safety. The point, discussed in the chapter, is related to implementation of organic and traditional technologies of farming. It is expedient to estimate the changes of environment per units of production, if there is a set of food production and soils of a variable quality.
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Organic farming is a rather complex system of interrelated factors and the task of economics is in-depth coverage of issues, situation analysis, developing scenarios and finding bifurcation points for decisions that are effective for V. Pareto optimality criterion, i.e. the allocation of resources, which cannot be improved at least for one person, no worsening in this well-being of another.
International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movement (IFOAM, ifoam.org) defends the following arguments that contribute to the spread of the organic movement in the world: environmental protection; quality of food; food security; climate change; social justice.
Theory, methodology and practice of the research of organic farming explored by Ahrens, H., Andersen, A., Borschevskiy, V., Haas, G., Hausheer, J. R., Henrichsmeyer, W., I. Shuvar, Kobetc, M., Kornitcka О. І., Milovanov, E., Monika Schneider, T. R., Münchhausen, H., Piorr, A., Shikula, M. K., Walz, R. etc.
Nevertheless, economics of organic farming is at an early stage of formation.