TopIntroduction
Recent advances in positioning technologies, such as global positioning systems and cellular triangulation techniques, have not only provided consumers with unprecedented accessibility to network services while on the move, but also enabled the localization of services (Bellavista, Kupper, & Helal, 2008). Locatability, that is, the ability of mobile hosts to determine the current physical location of wireless devices, is thus the key enabler of an alluring mobile business operation (Junglas & Watson, 2003). In the literature, commercial location-sensitive applications and services that utilize geographical positioning information to provide value-added services are generally termed location-based services (LBS), marketed under terms like ‘Location-Commerce’ or ‘L-Commerce’ (Barnes, 2003).
Despite the growing attention given to LBS, little is understood about the differential effects of alternative protocols for locating client devices on the mobile consumer perceptions and behaviors. To offer personalized services that are tailored to mobile consumers’ activity contexts, LBS providers deliver information content through mobile communication and positioning systems in two ways – push and pull mechanisms. In the pull mechanism (i.e., reactive LBS), individuals request information and services based on their locations, e.g., a user might request a list of nearby points of interest. In the push mechanism (i.e., proactive LBS), location-sensitive content is automatically sent to individuals based on tracking their locations. From the consumer perspective, the pull-based L-Commerce entails a higher level of control, but consequent time and cognitive investment to manage personal information are relatively high. The push-based L-Commerce, on the other hand, allows for the regular canvassing of information sources for updated information and automatic delivery (Edmunds & Morris, 2000): less control but also less effort. Although the push-based L-Commerce may reduce consumers’ information processing and retrieval efforts, it increases the amount of potentially irrelevant information that consumers have to deal with as well as the amount of personal location information that they have to disclose to service providers (Eppler & Mengis, 2004).
Will the push-based L-Commerce be experienced as more intrusive to individual privacy and/or as interruptive to the mobile consumer’s activity? How will mobile consumers make the tradeoff between privacy concerns and instrumental values of L-Commerce? In this chapter, we attempt to respond to these questions by discussing the differences between push and pull mechanisms and discussing how these differences may lead to different mobile consumers’ perceptions of push-based and pull-based L-Commerce. In what follows, we present the conceptual analysis, describing the personalization privacy paradox, and discussing the different impacts of pull and push mechanisms on the privacy personalization paradox. This is followed by a discussion of the key results, directions for future research, and theoretical implications.