Pharmacogenomics and Perinatal Morbidity: A Comprehensive Review of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections

Abstract

Sexually transmitted infections affecting young women of reproductive age, adolescents and children can cause a wide spectrum of long-term morbidities. During gestation, STIs can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, emphasizing the importance of screening and early treatment. Perinatal STIs outbreaks exert significant impact on neonatal outcomes. The range of bacterial STIs encompasses common pathogens (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis & genitalium, Ureaplasma infection, Treponema pallidum) and several less frequent species (Haemophilus ducreyi, Klebsiella granulomatis, etc). Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), are more sensitive in the detection of bacterial loads and currently represent the gold standard tests. Overall, effectively managing bacterial STIs during pregnancy requires a population health approach that considers the specific needs of pregnant women, incorporates pharmacogenomic insights into treatment strategies, and prioritizes patient-centered care to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mothers and their newborns.