Abstract
This chapter discusses the issue of experimental modeling of the forest fuel layer ignition by the focused solar radiation. The main types of glass containers that can be found in forested areas are considered. Two experimental facilities are presented for simulating smoldering and ignition of forest fuels under the influence of focused solar radiation. Samples of forest fuels typical for the Siberian regions (Tomsk region and Republic of Buryatia) are investigated. Data on the physical mechanism and ignition delay of forest fuel are presented.
TopFire Sources
Previously, it was proposed to classify all sources of anthropogenic load on linear and point ones (Baranovskiy, 2018; 2020). Linear sources include objects such as railways, highways, river beds. Different technological objects and settlements located on a forested area can be classified as point ones. It should be noted that in the present work, it was proposed to study only linear sources of anthropogenic load, since settlements and technological objects are original points of various linear sources. Studies were conducted in various places of the Timiryazevskiy forestry of Tomsk region (The project…, 1990).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Ignition: Inflammation of forest fuel caused by definite source of high temperature or energy.
Smoldering: Smoldering is ignition without flame characterized by heterogeneous chemical reactions.
Forest Fuel: It can be considered like dead and live forest fuel. Main types of forest fuel which can be involved in combustion during forest fire: ground forest fuel (needles, leaves and dry grass, small branches) and crown forest fuel (needles, small branches).
Forest Fire: Uncontrolled aerothermochemical phenomenon characterized by step-by-step mechanism which includes following stages: inert heating, moisture evaporation, high temperature terpens evaporation, dry organic matter pyrolysis, flammable combustion, and smoldering.
Anthropogenic Load: Different human activities on forested territories lead to forest fire occurrence and characterized by presence of fire sources.
Focused Sunlight: Sunlight concentrated by natural or artificial lens.
Ignition Delay: Time before flame flash after forest fuel heating.
Prediction: Under the prediction of forest fires is the calculation of the parameters of forest fire danger with a certain projection in advance in order to have enough time to anticipate an emergency. The calculation in this case is carried out in a mode ahead of the real time of the development of the catastrophe - the occurrence of a forest fire.