Plant Tolerance to Soil Acidity in the Era of Climate Change: Biotech and Breeding for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

The crucial topic of soil acidity and its effects on global food security are the main focus of this chapter. Owing to its immediate effects on plant growth, development, and productivity as well as its capacity to fend off biotic stresses, such as diseases and insect pests, soil acidity, an abiotic stress, has gained significant attention in the agricultural community. Although the effects of aluminum (Al) toxicity on plants have received considerable attention, few studies have examined the harmful effects of low pH on plants. Low pH in agricultural soil can cause oxidative stress and electrolyte leakage through increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hinder CO2 assimilation, and impact plant water intake. This study delves into the mechanisms underlying plant growth under acidic conditions and highlights the strategies employed by plants to withstand and adapt to acidic stress. This chapter offers valuable insights into strategies for enhancing plant resistance to acidic soils and ensuring food security in the face of increasing water scarcity.