Abstract
Women violence is a widespread problem that affects millions of women and girls across the world. The gender-based violence that threatens the well-being, dignity, and rights of women extends across social, cultural, economic, and regional boundaries. Women in all countries, irrespective of status, class, age, caste, or religion, experience violence once in a lifetime. However, specific groups of women suffering from various forms of discrimination, such as women with disabilities, migrant women, and lesbian, bisexual, and transgender women, are particularly vulnerable to violence. In this chapter, the author presents brief knowledge about the different type of violence against the women and also describe laws, policies, and social work which is used for the safety of the women. The theoretical framework is used to describe the remedies against violence and also help to provide love, safety, security, and shelter for every individual woman.
TopIntroduction
Violence against women is spreading like hazards in most countries. There is various form of violence found in Indian society based on historical and cultural practices, and day-by-day it is also becoming heinous. According to Dalal (2010), the statistics show that violence against women occurs throughout the life cycle from pre-birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood to agedness. These frequencies vary across the states, districts, and countries. Regular studies show a daily basis (print-media and news) regarding women's harassment, violence, rape, murder, etc. Most of the cases of harassment are neither reported nor come to light due to their reputation. If these types of cases will also be calculated in every state or country, then the number will reveal that the unsafety of women is very high. In the present situation, women & girls are feeling insecure in Indian society. Violence against women is also a major cause to promote female foeticides which are increasing day by day. The natural sex ratio is assumed to be between 103 and 107, and any number above it is considered as female foeticide. Sex-selective abortion is the practice of terminating a pregnancy based upon the female sex infant. According to Arnold et al. (2002), the selective abortion of a female foetus is most common in India, and male children are given more preference over female children. According to the first-ever systematic global study of sex-ratio imbalance, abortion has caused 23 million females premature death. And it is very difficult to estimate the global impact of sex-selective abortions, and sometimes even births are not always accurately tracked. Certainly at this rate, the proper awareness within the society is needed to root out the situation of gender-wise abortion. Most part in India, where the family has a desire only for male children, their women suffer lots of pain in attempting a regular relationship at the time of pregnancy. The woman has to suffer a lot for the fulfillment of the personal desires of family and husband. On the other hand, if a woman denies and raises her voice against it, she has to face a lot of difficulties like divorce, physical abuse, threaten torture by their in-laws, and many more. Millions of females are missing because of sex-selective abortion. This had led to an increase in trafficking in girl children and women in many states of the country. It had also led to an increase in rates of suicide, depression, and substance abuse among unmarried girls. Many states of India (like Haryana and Rajasthan) are best known for high differences in female ratios. According to Jha et al. (2011), the Indian census reveals the differences in-between girls and boys aged (0–6) years, which conclude the increase in prenatal sex determination with the subsequent selective abortion of the female foetus.
Figure 1. Violence visible at different stages throughout the lifecycle
Figure 1, illustrates the distinct forms of violence against women and girls over life-cycle ranging from discrimination at one end to the other.
Motivation and Proposes of the Work
The work is presenting in this chapter is related to the violence against women. All human beings are evaluated based on a biological basis. But when we talk about gender-based rights then we found that there is a huge gap in the fields of social, political, economic, religious, cultural, educational, health, civilizational, and communicative opportunities. This is a global issue affecting women throughout the globe. The chapter is based on the three objectives, (i) to clarify the types of violence against women, (ii) to examine the global as well as national efforts made so far to combat violence against women, and (iii) to propose the different ways to improve the situation. Naturally, the sources and material used in such an analysis are mainly secondary and this chapter is no exception to it.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Rape: It is physical violence or threatening behavior to force someone to have sex unwilling.
Domestic Violence: It is a type of violence where domestic settings (family, and relatives) abuse, such as in marriage or cohabitation.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): It is a kind of domestic violence where a current or former spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against another spouse or partner.
Violence: It is the type of force to injure, abuse, damage, or destroy the person mentally and physically.
Honor Killing: It is the kind of violence on a family member where committer’s belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family, or has violated the principles of a community or a religion with an honor culture.
Immigrant: The person who creates the permanent livelihood in a foreign country.
Child Marriage: It is defined as formal marriages and informal unions of girl or boy before the legal age.
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): It is violence against young women where the female genital is cutting and circumcision. It is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the external female genitalia.