Precious Metal Prediction by Using XAI in the Perspective of Digital Transformation

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) becomes one of the indispensable parts of human life day by day (Iansiti and Lakhani 2020). It is crucial from image and face recognition systems that occur in all kinds of applications to predictive analytics, speech usage, autonomous use, and hyper-personalized systems. AI is heading towards a wide range of sectors such as education, construction, healthcare, manufacturing, law enforcement, and finance. Decisions and predictions are made by AI-powered systems that are mainly used in unmanned cars, healthcare, and even the use of warfare.

Many of us need to know how the decisions are made while artificial intelligence is in progress. Many of the algorithms used for machine learning cannot be studied specifically to understand how and why a decision is made (Iansiti and Lakhani 2020). This is especially true for the most popular algorithms currently used – e.g. deep learning neural network approaches. As humans, we must be able to fully understand how decisions are made so that we can rely on AI decisions. The lack of clarity and trust hampers our ability to fully trust AI systems. Therefore, people expect such systems to produce transparent explanations and reviews of the decisions they make. This is known as Explained AI (XAI).

Explained AI is a fresh field in computer science and machine learning that intends to address how black box decisions are made by artificial intelligence systems. This area examines and tries to understand every single step and models involved in decision making. XAI is expected to answer some hot questions by most business owners, operators, users, and even experts such as: Why did the AI system make a specific estimation or decision? Why did not the AI system do anything else? When did the AI system succeed, and when did it fail? When do AI systems give enough confidence to the decisions you can trust, and how can the AI system correct the errors that occur in the decision making process?

Until now, there has been early, yet new researches and studies in the field of making deep learning approaches to machine learning explicable. However, it is hoped that as well as having both transparency and openness, adequate progress can be made to ensure that we have both strength and accuracy. AI actions should be observable to a certain level. These levels should be determined by results that may result from the AI ​​systems. Systems with more important, fatal or significant consequences must have necessary clarification and transparency requirements to know everything when something goes wrong.

Every single system does not need the same levels of transparency. While it is not possible to standardize algorithms and even XAI approaches, it may be possible to standardize levels of transparency according to requirements. For example, book recommendation systems need a little transparency, and therefore a lower level of transparency may be acceptable. On the other hand, military, juristical systems or autonomous vehicles may require higher levels of clarity and transparency. These levels of transparency have attempted to achieve common understandings of transparency to maintain and sustain communication between users and engineers through their standard organization.

This study will be a comprehensive literature review on the prediction of precious metals. It is seen that most of the studies have been estimated the gold value by using various AI approaches. The reason why gold is in great demand can be shown to be one of the most used and most valuable mines in the industry. Various artificial intelligence algorithms have been used on the gold prediction, but it is not known how the prediction is made due to the black-box approach. In this chapter, the authors took on the prediction of precious metals based on artificial intelligence methods. All studies point out that the prediction of precious metal based on artificial intelligence creates a much more precise prediction. The main aim is to understand whether or not there is an explainable model to convince investors to make reasonable investments and predict more precisely the value of precious metals in the related papers in the literature. Therefore, a systematic mapping study is conducted to survey the studies between the years 2017-2019.