Reactive Oxygen Species in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Mechanisms and Therapeutics

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen. In the context of neurodegenerative disorders, ROS play a dual role while they are necessary for normal cellular function, their overproduction can lead to oxidative stress, damaging neurons and contributing to the pathogenesis of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This book chapter explores the mechanisms by which ROS contributes to neurodegeneration, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, and inflammation. Additionally, we discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating ROS levels and mitigating oxidative damage, such as antioxidants, gene therapy, and lifestyle interventions. Understanding the balance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses is crucial for developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.