Recent Advancement in Car-T-Cell Therapy

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor is an emerging immunotherapy in the field of malignancy treatment. CAR-T cell therapy is the invitro modified t cells gain immunological properties that divert the defense system in our body to terminate the malignant cells. CARs are special receptors crafted to target a particular tumor antigen to functionally re-engineered T lymphocytes. Even though CARs can activate T cells similarly to endogenous T-cell receptors, minimal in vivo growth of CAR-T cells and unsatisfactory clinical outcomes have been a huge barrier to the medical application of this technique to date. The insertion of a costimulatory domain can improve T-cell responses mediated by chimeric antigen receptors even further. The commonly targeted hematological antigens are CD19 and BCMA, with mesothelin, GPC3, CEA, MUC1, HER2, and EGFR for solid malignancies. This chapter elaborates role and functions of CAR-T cell therapy in malignancy treatment, factors affecting efficacy, safety and future perspectives of CAR-T cell therapy.