This chapter presents a location-based affective computing system, which can assist growing emerging markets by helping them reduce crime and increase public safety when used in conjunction with CCTV. Internet systems based on location-based services have increased in availability. Social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook now employ the information on user locations to provide context to their posts, and services such as Foursquare rely on people checking into different places, often to compete with their friends and others. Location-based information, when combined with other records, such as CCTV, promotes the opportunity for a better society. People normally abused by corrupt state officials for crimes they did not commit will now have alibis, shops will be able to more effectively build trust and procure new customers through “social proof,” and other forms of corruption will be tackled such as benefit fraud and tax evasion. Trust that everyone is paying his or her fair share can develop.
TopThe Impact Of Technology On Emerging Economies
Historically, developed countries have invested in emerging areas of science and technology; however, emerging economies which have not previously invested in research are now doing so in nanotechnologies (Gouvea, Linton, Montoya, & Walsh, 2012). With globalisation and the growth in emerging economies, multinational enterprises (MNEs) now frequently confront challenges associated with corrupt governments (Uhlenbruck, Rodriguez, Doh, & Eden, 2006). However, business groups in emerging economies are also different from the conglomerates of the advanced countries in that they did not develop from a search for financial diversification; rather, they developed from the ability to establish new business ventures (Guillen, 2000). Indeed, incumbent and start-up firms in such emerging economies are likely to develop exploratory strategies as markets improve in their domestic market (Bruton et al., 2008). It is also the case that most emerging economies are primarily interested in growth (Allen, 2005).
MNEs often attempt to export their environmentally-friendly technologies to emerging economies, even where this is not required by local legal or ethical standards (Meyer, 2004). This is not always the case as many companies are fearful they will lose intellectual property in developed economies, and many hesitate to license technology in emerging economies (Mahmood & Mitchell, 2004). There are also few international transfers of innovative technology to emerging economies as they are perceived as possessing limited immediate market revenue potential (Gardner, 1999).
Corruption
In corrupt nations, individuals occupying bureaucratic or political positions frequently abuse the principal–agent relationship to obtain politically-created rents (Peyton & Belasen, 2012). It has been argued that the pervasiveness of corruption reflects the degree to which corruption is dispersed broadly throughout the public sector in an emerging economy. In this regard, arbitrariness reflects the degree of uncertainty and capriciousness associated with public sector corruption (Uhlenbruck et al., 2006). Indeed, in both developed and emerging and developing economies, economic freedom plays the largest role in combating corruption (Peyton & Belasen, 2012).