The World Bank defines good governance based on six indicators: accountability, political stability, government efficiency, quality of law and regulation, the rule of law, and corruption control. On the other hand, the ultimate goal is the development of human health and well-being. Given the importance of health in society, government investment in this area is recognized as one of the government's main tasks, and the lack or inadequacy in providing health services in any country is considered one of the weaknesses of governments. Therefore, examining the quality of governments in the health sector is of particular importance. This study also examines the effects of good governance on managing the severity of the COVID-19 crisis, considering the importance of public health, especially in control of the COVID-19 pandemic, using the new 2021 public health definition index. This study examines data from Southwest Asian countries from 2003 to 2021.
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Given that the model of government, at the very least, has been accompanied by a sharp increase in financial crises that have imposed heavy costs on the economies of developing countries and the global economy, inequality between countries increased during the 1980s and 1990s and is implemented in most Eastern European and former Soviet countries. This policy model has led to a sharp increase in poverty, inequality, and inflation, so that these consequences have led to a shift away from the model of minimal government and the acceptance of the model of good governance (Lomazzi, 2014). As this model considers the development strategy as neither a big government nor a minimal government, a good government, in other words, more or less government intervention does not solve the development problem, but the quality of the government is the main issue in the best possible way. Realize the process of development and comfort for the community. In addition to economics, the model of good governance has also considered other areas of society. The point of this theory is not the quantity of government intervention but the quality of the intervention, which at the same time play a moderating role with the other two pillars of society, the market and civil society (Makuta, 2015; O’Hare, 2015).
Now, considering that one of the most important factors in the difference between the social and institutional structures of countries with each other is the government and the market, which should act as two complementary institutions in the economy, the government as an institution-building social institution should be Creating efficient and capable institutions will provide a suitable environment for regulating the economic relations of the people of the society in a costly, simple and time-wasting way, and through this, as a market helper, will provide the conditions for economic growth. Successful procurement of these institutions is often referred to as good governance (Novignon, 2012). Good governance involves the creation, protection, and enforcement of property rights without restricting market exchanges, so that good governance, involving the cooperation and coordination of government, the private sector, and civil society, enables all pillars to work together to strengthen each other. Finally, to help make government more efficient and improve economic and social performance. This model has been proposed as indicators of good governance that have eliminated the shortcomings of previous governments (Wagstaff, 2004). Also, inadequate criteria of per capita income and economic growth. Determining the welfare of citizens caused some economists to pay attention to indicators that, in addition to economic variables, also include social and human variables (Davoodi, 2000; Anyanwu, 2009; Grigoli, 2018).