Abstract
Weather affects air quality globally since different aspects of the weather like humidity, temperature, wind speed, and direction essentially affect the movement, creation, and concentration of various major air pollutants like surface ozone, PM 2.5, methane, carbon dioxide, etc. Air pollution is caused when an excessive amount of harmful substances like gases, particles, etc. are poured into our atmosphere which can severely affect the health of any living organisms. In this chapter, the most relevant weather affected urban air quality prediction papers are studied along with recent IoT systems developed for air pollution, and the authors observed that modern artificial intelligence algorithms are better than traditional statistical models. However, artificial intelligence-based algorithms cannot be directly compared effectively due to the hybrid nature of data sources used. Also, a need is identified to develop a powerful end-to-end model based on artificial intelligence algorithms and IoT systems.
TopBackground
Air quality / Air pollution is complex compared to weather data as it can be different for nearby locations and can dramatically change quickly. Also, health problems like asthma, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. are known to be worsening due to air pollution. So, it can cause fatal problems to vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, senior citizens, patients, etc.
Key Terms in this Chapter
In-Situ: To collect data from the ground level of a remotely sensed location. It is used to verify remote sensing data.
Temporal Resolution: The revisit duration of a satellite to observe the same location again. It can be from hours to days.
Air Pollution: The presence of harmful substances like PM 2.5, CO2, etc. in the atmosphere.
Meteorology: The study of the earth’s weather and climate events and trends.
Pollution Forecast: To predict pollution events or trends in future. It can be from minutes to years.
Spatial Resolution: The number of pixels available in the satellite image of a certain area. It can be from meters to kilometers.
Remote Sensing: The act of sensing or collecting data like images, sound, etc. from a distance.
Air Quality Index: An index that indicates the quality of air. It can vary for different countries.
IoT: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of ground-based sensors in a particular location.
Earth Observation: To observe or collect information regarding various characteristics of the earth from our sky using air-borne instruments like drones, satellites, etc.