Secure Opportunistic Routing for Vehicular Adhoc Networks

Introduction

With the growing importance of useful, harmless, and high-efficient transportation, Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) have turned into acute technology in smart transportation systems. In recent years VANETs has been observed as one of the key enabling technologies to provide a wide variety of services, such as road safety, enhanced traffic and travel efficiency, convenience and comfort for travellers and drivers. VANETs technology has emerged as an important research area over the last few years. It is an active research area right now and evolving type of network aimed at improving safe driving, traffic optimization, and some other services through either Vehicle to Vehicle communication (V2V) or Vehicle to Infrastructure communication (V2I). They are created by applying the principles of Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the spontaneous creation of a wireless network for data exchange to the domain of vehicles. These networks have no fixed infrastructure, dynamic in nature and instead rely on the vehicles themselves to provide network functionality. Being ad-hoc in nature, VANETs is a type of networks that is created from the concept of establishing a network of cars for a specific need or situation. In straight road or highway road, it is a sparse network. Depends upon time the network may become dense. But in intersection or junction road, it is always be dense network. Figure 1 shows a highway road and Figure 2 shows a 4-way intersection road.

Figure 1.

Highway Road

Modern advances in hardware, software, and communication technologies are allowing the design and implementation of a whole range of dissimilar types of networks that are being organised in various environments. One such network that has received a lot of interest in the recent years is the VANETs. VANETs has become an active area of research, standardization, and development because it has incredible potential to improve vehicle and road safety, traffic effectiveness, and convenience as well as comfort to both drivers and passengers. Recent research efforts have placed a strong emphasis on novel VANETs design architecture and implementations. A lot of research work have done in the area of VANETs, which focused on specific areas including routing, broadcasting, Quality of Service (QoS), security etc. In this paper, a comprehensive survey considering all these factors is done. Figure 3 shows an example of VANETs communication. In the figure, the first vehicle, which is ahead informs the following vehicle that there is a problem in the road and should take alternate path. This security information passed between all following vehicles through VANETs communication system. It is also possible that, the source vehicle (means vehicle which is ahead) will pass the message to all the following vehicles if all the vehicles are within DSRC with the source vehicle.

Figure 2.

Four Way Intersection

Figure 3.

VANETs communication example