Setting Two-Tiered Price for Non-Instantaneous Deterioration: Price-Sensitive Quadratic Demand

Introduction

A strategic use of price diversity based on customers wealth (irrespective of volumes purchased) in a system settled upon by the global society, including the political power and social security organisations. So, two tiered pricing strategy is very important tool in the global business. The trade credit permits a retailer to accumulate revenue and earn interest during the credit period. Conversely, after the completion of credit period the supplier charges the retailer interest on the due amount. Goyal (1985) studied decision policy by including concept of permissible delay in payments to settle the accounts due against purchases in the classical EOQ model. One can refer to review article by Shah et al. (2010). Sarkar et al. (2010) considered an inventory policy, where retailers are offered a trade credit by the supplier with discount in unit price. They optimized objective function under inflation. Khanra et al. (2013) developed an inventory model for time independent demand by allowing shortages and under trade credit policy. Giri and Maiti (2013) formulated a supply chain model with price and permissible delay in payment sensitive demand under two-level trade credit. Thereafter, trade credit and its variants were given by several researchers. Barrón and Sana (2015) analyzed multi-item EOQ inventory model while demand varies with a promotional effort in a two-layer supply chain. Shah and Chaudhari (2015) analyzed optimal policies for three players with fixed life time and two-level trade credit for time and credit dependent demand. Shah et al. (2015) estimated an economic order quantity model under trade credit and customer returns for price-sensitive quadratic demand. Shah et al. (2016c) studied impact of future price increase on ordering policies for deteriorating items under quadratic demand.

For non-instantaneous deteriorating goods, it is a common exercise to set a higher price when they are not deteriorated and to set a lower price when they begin to deteriorate. Such pricing policy is also called two-tiered pricing, which, however, is occasionally addressed in the previous works. In contrast, the one-tiered pricing of deteriorating items, i.e., the retailer sets only one price for the product all the time, has been widely discussed. Abad and Jaggi (2003) evaluated when end demand is price sensitive, a joint approach for setting unit price and the length of the credit period for a seller. Wu et. al. (2014) determined a note on optimal replenishment policies for non- instantaneous deteriorating items with price and stock sensitive demand under permissible delay in payment. Taleizadeh and Nematollahi (2014) constructed an inventory control problem with back-ordering and financial considerations for deteriorating items. Chang et. al. (2015) formulated a model on ordering policies and optimal pricing, delay in payments for non-instantaneously deteriorating items under order size dependent demand. Shah and Jani (2016) observed economic order quantity model for non-instantaneously deteriorating item under order size dependent trade credit for prize sensitive quadratic demand.