Abstract
In this study, by considering the relationship between disaster management and sustainable development in general, disaster management is handled with strategic management and planning approach and its roles in sustainable development are emphasized. Besides literature search, the study primarily focused on disaster management, then, through the example of Turkey, disaster management and development of disaster policy were evaluated on the basis of sustainability and strategic planning. In addition, it was emphasized that for Turkey and other countries alike, disaster management should not only be considered as an emergency event, but it should also be handled in the national strategic plans and targets with a multi-stakeholder, governance approach that includes all dimensions such as risk mitigation, intervention, improvement and reconstruction. For this purpose, it is planned to include suggestions on how common development and cooperation models should be on a national and international scale.
TopIntroduction
The concept of sustainable development is a global and inclusive agenda that requires the harmony between many variables rather than just a development based on economic data. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the leading development agency of the United Nations, defined 17 interrelated goals as the Sustainable Development Goals. The key to success is to address issues that have common aspects altogether. In order to achieve the “Sustainable cities and communities” goal, which is one of these objectives, a well-defined strategic disaster management model is needed, in which every segment will participate in partnership understanding. Because disaster recovery is one of the global challenges of humanity. In addition to disasters that occur in different geographies with different types and destructive effects, some types of disasters such as climate change, global warming, humanitarian crises, migration, epidemics require global struggle and joint action. For this reason, combating disasters has become more than an area determined solely by national and local policies in recent years, a global area of interest and global strategies have begun to be developed in this regard. In parallel with this, disaster recovery and disaster management issues have started to be included in development plans with a strategic planning approach.
In this study, first of all, considering that sustainable disaster management in modern disaster management, strategic disaster management approaches and combating disasters are a global area of interest, three World Disaster Conferences were organized by the United Nations Organization in Yokohama, Kobe and Sendai, and the strategy documents put forward as a result of these conferences are discussed. Then, how these global strategies are reflected in the functioning of the legal and practical dimensions of Turkey in line with the disaster management policy progress pursued, is monitored. In this way, it is examined whether the fight against disaster policies in Turkey are coherent, up to date and effective as the global strategies, and of to what extent the goals for reduction, involvement, cooperation are reached.
In this framework, the study primarily deals with modern disaster management approaches and sustainable disaster management, then strategies for combating disasters developed for a global scale. In the third chapter, progress of disaster management policies in Turkey is analysed chronologically through legislation, major policy documents, development plans and strategy documents. In the last part of the study, the effectiveness of the disaster management system in Turkey is evaluated.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Disaster Management: A disaster risk management includes sum total of all activities, programmes, and measures which can be taken up before, during and after a disaster.
Turkey: Officially the Republic of Turkey is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe.
Strategic Planning: The foundation of the strategic plan is the vision, mission, activities, and values of the organization.
United Nations: The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.
Risk Management: Includes all measures which reduce disaster related losses of life, property, or assets by either reducing the hazard or vulnerability of the elements at risk.
Sustainable Development: Sustainable development is a central concept for our age. It is both a way of understanding the world and a method for solving global problems.
Strategic Management: Strategic management is the process by which top management determines the long-term direction of the organization by ensuring that careful formulation, implementation, and continuous evaluation of strategy take place.