Strategic Planning in Special Libraries and Information Centers

Introduction

Because this chapter focuses on the strategic planning process in special libraries and organizational information centers, some background on special libraries is presented here to set the stage for discussing strategic planning activities.

Special libraries and information centers may be found in a wide range of entities including corporations, private businesses, government agencies, museums, hospitals, not-for-profit organizations, professional associations, and management consulting firms (Porter et al., 1997; Reeve, 2009). There are also specialized, subject-specific collections in academia. Special libraries and information centers, where they exist, are functional units typically tasked with activities such as content identification and licensing, literature searching and analysis, the monitoring of business and market trends, deploying content resources appropriate for specific knowledge worker teams, and advising colleagues on resources and search techniques. Although some of these organizations no longer support a special library or information center, they still employ information professionals who are embedded in other departments. Among other activities, information professionals and special librarians perform in-depth research and analysis, consult on information and knowledge management practices, and actively participate on project teams that contribute to the success of the organization.

The Special Libraries Association (SLA), the international professional association representing thousands of information professionals, expands the concept of the special librarian to information professionals who “strategically use information in his/her job to advance the mission of the organization.” SLA further states that “information professionals include, but are not limited to, librarians, knowledge managers, chief information officers, Web developers, information brokers, and consultants” (SLA, 2001b). In our chapter, we will use both “special librarians” and “information professionals” to cover personnel working in special libraries and information centers or performing in this role.

Special librarians and information center directors strive to justify their existence and make their roles relevant in their parent organizations while facing today’s challenges. These include, but are not limited to, the current economic situation, shrinking budgets, transformative technologies, e.g., the World Wide Web, social networking, new business models in the publishing industry, new mechanisms for licensing and accessing digital content, globalization, virtualization, the information explosion, a new world of electronic access to information, changes in the information-seeking and information-use patterns among users, and user demand for all sorts of resources and timely services (Balasubramanian, Rangaswamy, & Kanthimathi, 2006; Matarazzo & Pearlstein, 2011a). All of these developments have fundamentally influenced and altered management and service practices in special libraries and information centers.

Special libraries and information centers are generally different from public and academic libraries in the key areas of sponsorship, subject coverage of the collection, users, services, staff, and size. Special libraries and information centers exist because the sponsoring organizations have recognized the benefits to be realized by supporting this function and the professionals staffing it. Their existence is based solely on their proprietor’s discretion. As such, they depend on the decision-making of senior management for funding. They are left in a vulnerable position when senior management decides to make budget cuts or reallocate resources. One of the best strategies for protecting them is to proactively document their value in order to illustrate the ways in which the special library or information center is indispensable to its users within the organization. On the other hand, public and academic libraries are maintained because some important institutional or legal document requires library services (Davis, 2009; AdvancED, 2010).