Abstract
This chapter deals with the OECD migration policy and its strong points that were revealed in the last 20 years. The author also explains how the OECD migration policy responds to technological, economic, and social challenges. In effective adaptation of foreign migrants, the principal role is mainly assigned to monitoring of the OECD member states. The outstanding practices of the latter turned out to be highly important for shaping the migration policies of other countries' migration. This chapter also shows the examples of the labor migrants' adaptation in the OECD labor market, particularly, a bottleneck vacancies analysis of the Nordic countries, Baltic States, and Central Eastern Europe. Institutions, traditions and employability are extremely important parameters for migrants' adaptation for labor markets.
TopMethodology
The research reflects on the data analysis presented mainly on the OECD materials as well as documents of the United Nations, the Eurostat, the World Bank and scientific literature. Statistical methods have been actively used for data processing as applied to vacancies and migrants’ unemployment indicators.
In order to scrutinize migrants' specific adaptation features at a new for them labor market as well as prospects of the selected OECD economic sectors in terms of employment and labor market indicators, a functional-structural vacancy analysis was widely applied, taking into account geographical and regional components, the level of vocational education, technological performance of certain economic sectors and employers’ qualification requirements to job applicants.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Balance in a Labour Market: A characteristic of Nordic states’ labour market containing 3 provisions - well-tuned system of labor market projection parameters; well-organized system of statistics representing unique and complete data on foreign labor migrants; successful human capital development.
Integration upon Arrival: A fundamental principle of Finnish migration policy combining 2 provisions - migrants demonstrate willingness to be integrated and the host society is willing to accept migrants.
Strategies of Effective Adaptation of Foreign Migrants: A combination of different tools implemented by the OECD member-states in order to balance interests between migrants and the host society.
World Migration Policy: A migration policy which shall be regulated at global level and resulted in a fact that migration shall play a positive role in socio-economic, demographic and political development of a country and its negative consequences will be smoothed.
Bottleneck Vacancies: Refers to vacancies for occupations which are considered to be in short supply and consequently these are described as shortage occupations herein.
Brain Drain: A territorial movement of highly skilled and qualified migrants in order to change permanent residence or temporary stay in the territory for study.
Moderate Assimilation: A type of migrants’ integration policy in Russia, a hybrid assimilation that considers 3 out of 5 assimilation features (level of communication with compatriots, level of national language conservation, traditions, culture, national identity).