Stubble-Reinforced Materials for Sustainable Construction: Advancing SDG 9, 11, and 12 Through Waste-to-Resource Innovations

Abstract

This chapter reviews the integration of agricultural stubble, including rice straw, wheat straw, maize stalks, and sugarcane bagasse, into sustainable construction materials. It examines how stubble enhances mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties in concrete, bricks, plaster, and particleboards, while addressing environmental challenges like carbon emissions and agricultural waste. The chapter highlights economic benefits, such as cost savings and rural development, alongside technical challenges like durability, scalability, and regulatory barriers. Future research directions focus on optimizing stubble-matrix bonding, fire resistance, and large-scale production techniques. By transforming agricultural waste into eco-friendly building solutions, this chapter underscores the potential of stubble-reinforced materials to advance sustainable construction practices and contribute to global sustainability goals.