Study of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Its Environmental Effects: A Case of Iran

Introduction

The coastal zone is one of the important areas in the world and it is considered as an element for major economic and social activities in the world (Alder & Kay, 2005). On the other hand, according to the population growth and development activities in those situations, there were many involvements in this region in the past and this region was exposed to the different pollutions and destructions. The agreement for integrated management in coastal zones, in order to the “earth session” in 1992 by coastal countries, it shows a reaction about critical situation in this major region in the earth (UN, 1992). In other words, until 2002, the number of countries which obey the ICZM (Integrated Coastal Zone Management) were 145 countries and all of the coastal countries at the end of 2009 follows those principles (Moksness, Dahl, & Støttrup, 2009). Although, the process of growth pollution, the decrease in living diversities, and destruction of the ecosystem were considered as an important element for countries which accept the ICZM, but nowadays the economic exploitation is a major reason for creating the research plan (Cicin-Sain, 1987), see Table 1.