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Surface Hardening on Wheel Steel Using Electrolytic Plasma: Formation of Fine Structure and Phase Composition of Wheel Steel Due to Plasma Hardening

Surface Hardening on Wheel Steel Using Electrolytic Plasma: Formation of Fine Structure and Phase Composition of Wheel Steel Due to Plasma Hardening

Yerkezhan Tabiyeva (D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Kazakhstan), Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov (LLP PlasmaScience, Kazakhstan), Gulzhaz Uazyrkhanova (D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Kazakhstan), and Waqar Ahmed (University of Lincoln, UK)
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 14
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-6830-2.ch005
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Abstract

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of the structure and phase composition of ferritic-pearlitic wheel steel mark two surface after electrolyte-plasma surface hardening are presented. Initially the morphology of the steel matrix consists of lamellar perlite and non-fragmented and fragmented ferrite. Electrolytic plasma quenching of the steel surface results in the martensite transformation, steel self-tempering, and the formation of cementite particles in all martensite crystals. This treatment also leads to the diffusion transformation of gamma to alpha phases, the release of residual austenite along the low-temperature martensite laths and lamellas and in all crystals of lamellar martensite, the formation of М23С6 special carbides and, finally, to the enhancement of all parameters of the steel fine structure.
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Material And Methods Of Research

Wheel steel mark 2 was used to fabricate railway wheel sets. In its initial state wheel steel mark 2 represents material exposed to hardening at 8900C for 2-2.5 hours with cooling in warm water (30-600C) followed by temperingat 5800C for 2.5-3 hours. Steel samples were cut out of the wheel as parallelepiped in size 15×15×10 mm3. The samples were free from deformation and thermal effect under slow cutting speed and low load. According to GOST 398-96, chemical composition of steel (in %) is C-0.57-0.65; Mn-0.50-0.90; Si-0.22-0.45; V - not exceeded 0.10; S- not exceeded 0.030 and P-not exceeded 0.035 respectively.

Electrolyte-plasma surface hardening in cathode mode was carried out at the electrolyte-plasma treatment plant at the Scientific Research Center “Surface Engineering and Tribology” at the S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University (Rakhadilov, Tabieva, & Zhurerova, 2019; Rakhadilov, Tabiyeva, Uazyrkhanova et al, 2019; Tabieva et al., 2020).

Figure 1.

Process of processing of an electrolyte plasma sample (a) and functional diagram (b) of the machine 1– in-process part; 2 – conic stainless steel electrolytic cell; 3– bottom plate; 4–pump; 5– heat exchanger; 6– bath filled with electrolyte

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