Survey Methodology for Biodiversity Assessment: An Overview

Background

The Earth's biological resources are vigorous to humanity's economic and social development. As a result, there is an increasing recognition that biological diversity is a global asset of marvellous value to present and future generations. At the equivalent time, the threat to species and ecosystems has never been so great as it is today. Species extinction caused by human activities continues at associate awful rate. In response, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) convened the Ad Hoc working group of experts on biological diversity in November, 1988 to reconnoitre the need for an international convention on biological diversity. Soon after, in May 1989, it established the Ad Hoc working group of technical and legal experts to prepare an international legal tool for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Through February 1991, the Ad Hoc Working group had become known as the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee. Its work culminated on 22 May 1992 with the Nairobi Conference for the Adoption of the Agreed Text of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Convention was opened for signature on 5 June 1992 at the United Nations conference on environment and development. The Convention entered into force on 29 December 1993, which was 90 days after the 30th confirmation. The Convention on Biological Diversity was inspired by the world community's increasing commitment to sustainable development. It represents a dramatic step within the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources (CBD, 2016). After CBD came into force, it is mandatory for all its signatory countries to implement the provisions in the Convention (UNEP, 1992).