Fifth generation (5G) technology is being incorporated into the infrastructure of many sectors to provide high-quality communication services, smart factories, vehicle-to-vehicle connection, and many other new services. Next-generation networking technology ultra-wideband (UWB) connects many devices and provides location-based services. This chapter reviews 5G enabling technologies and the cellular network as backhaul network interface and solution. Wireless backhauling, which replaces fiber cables for core network communication, is discussed in this chapter. Wireless backhaul sends communications between nodes using radio or microwave frequencies. Wireless backhaul can be installed faster and cheaper than fiber when fiber is too costly or impracticable (which involves trenching). 5G's enhanced connectivity, AI, massive IoT, and other disruptive technologies for essential sectors and public services will be crucial to these solutions. This chapter compares 5G and 6G.
Top1 Introduction
In order to successfully manage the ever increasing number of users as well as the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth, future cellular networks of the 5th, Generation, also known as 5G, will combine a variety of radio access technologies (including cellular, satellite, and WiFi, amongst others), as well as different kinds of equipment. 5G networks have one of its key aims to deliver a solution that can manage the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth as well as the in- creased number of users. This is one of the primary goals of 5G. The utilisation of mm-wave frequencies (also known as Millimeter Wave frequencies), huge multi input multi output (MIMO) systems, focused beams, and the construction of super dense network architecture will make this a reality. Wireless back-hauling has arisen as an important component of future networks as a result of the development of these revolutionary technologies and ideas. This makes it feasible to accomplish diversification while keeping higher performance than with other techniques. Back-hauling using wireless links is not a new thing; it was accomplished in networks that predate 5G by making use of microwave connections or relays.
A few years ago, it was predicted that 3G and 4G technologies such as long term evolution (LTE) and high speed packet access (HSPA), would move in that direction. However, initiatives focusing on new 5G and beyond 5G technologies are also on the future. Among these is the Ericsson Startup 5G initiative. The connection between the network that acts as the backbone for other networks and the many other sub-networks is known as the back-haul. Back-haul is also the term that refers to the conveyance of data or network between access points that the general public uses. Back-haul is a term that is used in satellite communication to refer to the process of transporting data to a central location from where it may then be dispersed over a network.
The reason behind backhauling is last-mile aggregation is made possible via wireless back-haul, which improves this link. Direct connection to the internet is possible because these wireless networks can transmit hundreds of data streams and allow for effective and unrestricted throughput for data, video, and voice.
The concept of wireless back-hauls introduce the wireless communication with the advent of mm-Wave frequencies, mMIMO (massive multi input multi output) and beam forming, the criteria for performance are no longer a limiting constraint. However, the issues with inter cell interference can be solved by beam- forming using mMIMO, there are still substantial obstacles that prevent users from realizing the full potential benefit of wireless back-haul. The problem of resource allocation and user association is one that arises frequently in wireless back-hauling, and it has a significant impact on the performance as a whole.
Here, the back-hauling have been done via different mediums so for two types of back-haul network can be developed. When it comes to 5G back-haul, the most contentious question is whether or not to employ a wired or wireless solution. Each one may be advantageous in certain situations and detrimental in others. Depending on the use cases, budget, maintenance needs, and timing, it’s possible that certain towns will need to adopt a combination of the two.
There is a sufficient back-haul choice provided by fiber back-haul networks, which is above 10 GBPS and has a latency of hundreds of microseconds. Be- cause of its large capacity and low bit error rate, fiber is quickly becoming one of the most preferred options for back-hauling data traffic. However, a fiber back- haul is not available in all locations, and in the areas in which it is not already present, its installation may be either impossible or exceedingly costly and time- consuming. The use of wireless back-haul eliminates the requirement for cables or underground wires for the delivery of wireless data, making installation more simpler. Wireless back-haul, which may be accomplished by microwave and millimeter wave, appears to be more widely available and simpler to implement.
The main aim behind this survey is to provide the issue and challenges to develop sustainable wireless back-haul solution for 5G and 6G networks. In the next section the overview of 5G and back-haul is explained. After that section 3 illustrates the comparative study of different generation with back-hauling. The issues and challenges for sustainable 5G (Tezergil & Onur, 2022) is demonstrated in section 4. The last section is current state of 5G technology and summary have been presented.