Abstract
The chapter addresses the challenges facing democracies in the context of modern globalization and the opportunities for social policy development. Globalization, as an important event, has had an impact on public administration systems and the domestic and foreign policies of nation states. It is clearly seen that the role of NGOs and transnational corporations has increased. The ways as well as the methods of using legitimate power by the states have changed. It is noteworthy that social policy as a definition of views has changed over time, although there is still no universal definition of it, yet each individual connects it to his or her own state policy. The modern understanding of social policy is directly related to activities related to the welfare of society. Social policy is implemented by state and other institutions. The effectiveness of social policy is determined by analyzing the results of the implemented policy.
TopLiterature Review
Due to the urgency of the topic, there is still no debate on this issue, and scientists are actively working to study the current processes, which is due to the processes of modern globalization and the growing role of the welfare state. Due to all this, science does not suffer from a shortage of materials on these issues. An important place in the study of individual issues of the research problem belongs to the collections of official statistics, as well as references of various profiles.
An important source of problem research is periodicals - articles, through which it is possible to get important facts and study and research the problem.
Significant papers appear on this issue every day, the works of Western scholars, as well as Georgian researchers helped us a lot in preparing the article, for example, a. Petring; Z. Davitashvili; F. Fukuyama; J. Pierre; Zarnadze, d. Narmania; E. Bukhrashvili; A. The works of Petring et al. (2014). The article discusses the views and concepts of such sciences as F. Fukuyama; S. Huntington and the works of other prominent filed scientists. An important source of research is periodicals, press, Internet resources, etc.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Nationalism: A political principle that affirms the unity of the political and the national. It is a political ideal according to which statehood is the optimal form of political organization of each nation. Nationalism must be distinguished from the demand for political or cultural autonomy. Nationalist programs call for national homogeneity through assimilation (often violent), and in some cases for the deportation, murder, or irredentism of people of other nationalities. In many countries, in conditions of ethnic heterogeneity, nationalist policies harm minorities.
Socialism: A political worldview or system of the social organization of a society based on the means of production, distribution, and exchange of state or collective property; it aims to implement the principles of social justice, freedom, and equality. Just as there are many different forms of capitalism and socialism, the main differences between the socialists are related to the role of the state in the organization of the economy and the control of forms of property, as well as the resistance between evolutionary (parliamentary) and revolutionary strategies for reform and change.
Industrial: Related to the development of the industry.
Discretion: To resolve an issue at the discretion of an official or state body.
Free Market: A market system in which the prices of goods and services are the result of an agreement reached freely between sellers and consumers, without the intervention of external forces. The laws and forces of supply and demand in such a market are free from the influence of government, price-fixing monopolies, or any other power. A free market is a controlled market or a regulated market in which the government intervenes in the regulation of supply and demand through non-market methods, such as laws that prohibit market entry or that directly regulate prices.
Public administration: The organizational sphere of the state, which is not part of the legislature and the judiciary, nor is it directly identical with the government.
Integration: The process of unification of states to create a political community. It is a voluntary process and is based on consensus. It is characterized by the existence of decision-making structures and political processes that are more supernatural in nature than the interstate.
Urbanization: The process of growth and development of cities, increasing the share of the urban population in the country, region, the world. The process of increasing the role of cities in the development of society, the spread of urban life, and its accompanying social processes.
Monopoly: A distinctive right of any state or group that may apply to completely different goods and services, such as foreign trade, land, or the production of anything. In a world political market economy, a particular economic entity or group of entities can achieve a high concentration of capital and output, which in turn can be achieved through a transaction or merger between companies.
Inflation: Decreased purchasing power of goods and services.
Americanization: Perceived as globalization.
Marxism: The theory is based on the views of the nineteenth-century German philosopher and economist Karl Marx. Marxism is in fundamental opposition to economic liberalism because it views economics not as a positive-sum game but as an arena for the exploitation of people and class superiority. Marxists are more in favor of the mercantilist view, but instead, generalize relations between classes.
Post-industrial society: A society that is formed after an industrial society; A term widely used in Western sociology to denote modern society.